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1. 发明授权

US07783870B2 Branch target address cache 失效
标题翻译：分支目标地址缓存
公开(公告)号：US07783870B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-24
申请号：US11837893
申请日：2007-08-13
申请人： David S. Levitan , William E. Speight , Lixin Zhang
发明人： David S. Levitan , William E. Speight , Lixin Zhang
IPC分类号： G06F9/38 , G06F9/32
CPC分类号： G06F9/3804 , G06F9/3844
摘要： A processor includes an execution unit and instruction sequencing logic that fetches instructions from a memory system for execution. The instruction sequencing logic includes branch logic that outputs predicted branch target addresses for use as instruction fetch addresses. The branch logic includes a level one branch target address cache (BTAC) and a level two BTAC each having a respective plurality of entries each associating at least a tag with a predicted branch target address. The branch logic accesses the level one and level two BTACs in parallel with a tag portion of a first instruction fetch address to obtain a first predicted branch target address from the level one BTAC for use as a second instruction fetch address in a first processor clock cycle and a second predicted branch target address from the level two BTAC for use as a third instruction fetch address in a later second processor clock cycle.
摘要翻译：处理器包括执行单元和从存储器系统执行指令的指令排序逻辑。指令排序逻辑包括分支逻辑，该分支逻辑输出用作指令获取地址的预测分支目标地址。分支逻辑包括一级分支目标地址高速缓存（BTAC）和二级BTAC，每级具有相应的多个条目，每个条目将至少一个标签与预测的分支目标地址相关联。分支逻辑与第一指令获取地址的标签部分并行地访问一级和二级BTAC以从第一级BTAC获得第一预测分支目标地址，以在第一处理器时钟周期中用作第二指令获取地址以及来自第二级BTAC的第二预测分支目标地址，以在随后的第二处理器时钟周期中用作第三指令提取地址。

2. 发明授权

US07844807B2 Branch target address cache storing direct predictions 失效
标题翻译：分支目标地址缓存存储直接预测
公开(公告)号：US07844807B2
公开(公告)日：2010-11-30
申请号：US12024197
申请日：2008-02-01
申请人： David S. Levitan , Lixin Zhang
发明人： David S. Levitan , Lixin Zhang
IPC分类号： G06F9/35 , G06F9/355 , G06F9/40
CPC分类号： G06F9/3806 , G06F9/322 , G06F9/3844
摘要： In at least one embodiment, a processor includes at least one execution unit and instruction sequencing logic that fetches instructions for execution by the execution unit. The instruction sequencing logic includes branch logic that outputs predicted branch target addresses for use as instruction fetch addresses. The branch logic includes a branch target address cache (BTAC) having at least one direct entry providing storage for a direct branch target address prediction associating a first instruction fetch address with a branch target address to be used as a second instruction fetch address immediately after the first instruction fetch address and at least one indirect entry providing storage for an indirect branch target address prediction associating a third instruction fetch address with a branch target address to be used as a fourth instruction fetch address subsequent to both the third instruction fetch address and an intervening fifth instruction fetch address.
摘要翻译：在至少一个实施例中，处理器包括至少一个执行单元和指令排序逻辑，其提取由执行单元执行的指令。指令排序逻辑包括分支逻辑，该分支逻辑输出用作指令获取地址的预测分支目标地址。分支逻辑包括分支目标地址高速缓存（BTAC），其具有至少一个直接条目，为直接分支目标地址预测提供存储，该直接分支目标地址预测将第一指令获取地址与分支目标地址相关联，以将分配目标地址紧随在第二指令获取地址之后第一指令获取地址和至少一个间接条目提供用于间接分支目标地址预测的存储，用于将第三指令获取地址与分支目标地址相关联，以将分配目标地址用作第三指令提取地址和中间地址之后的第四指令获取地址第五指令提取地址。

3. 发明授权

US07962722B2 Branch target address cache with hashed indices 有权
标题翻译：具有散列索引的分支目标地址缓存
公开(公告)号：US07962722B2
公开(公告)日：2011-06-14
申请号：US12024219
申请日：2008-02-01
申请人： Sheldon B. Levenstein , David S. Levitan , Lixin Zhang
发明人： Sheldon B. Levenstein , David S. Levitan , Lixin Zhang
IPC分类号： G06F9/32 , G06F9/34
CPC分类号： G06F9/3806 , G06F9/3844
摘要： In at least one embodiment, a processor includes at least one execution unit that executes instructions and instruction sequencing logic, coupled to the at least one execution unit, that fetches instructions from a memory system for execution by the at least one execution unit. The instruction sequencing logic including a branch target address cache (BTAC) including a plurality of entries for storing branch target address predictions. The BTAC includes index logic that selects an entry to access utilizing a BTAC index based upon at least a set of higher order bits of an instruction address and a set of lower order bits of the instruction address.
摘要翻译：在至少一个实施例中，处理器包括至少一个执行单元，其执行耦合到至少一个执行单元的指令和指令排序逻辑，其从存储器系统取出用于由至少一个执行单元执行的指令。指令排序逻辑包括分支目标地址高速缓存（BTAC），其包括用于存储分支目标地址预测的多个条目。 BTAC包括索引逻辑，其基于指令地址的至少一组较高位和指令地址的较低位的集合来选择使用BTAC索引的访问条目。

4. 发明申请

US20090049286A1 DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM, PROCESSOR AND METHOD OF DATA PROCESSING HAVING IMPROVED BRANCH TARGET ADDRESS CACHE 失效
标题翻译：数据处理系统，具有改进的分支目标地址高速缓存的数据处理的处理器和方法
公开(公告)号：US20090049286A1
公开(公告)日：2009-02-19
申请号：US11837893
申请日：2007-08-13
申请人： David S. Levitan , William E. Speight , Lixin Zhang
发明人： David S. Levitan , William E. Speight , Lixin Zhang
IPC分类号： G06F9/38
CPC分类号： G06F9/3804 , G06F9/3844
摘要： A processor includes an execution unit and instruction sequencing logic that fetches instructions from a memory system for execution. The instruction sequencing logic includes branch logic that outputs predicted branch target addresses for use as instruction fetch addresses. The branch logic includes a level one branch target address cache (BTAC) and a level two BTAC each having a respective plurality of entries each associating at least a tag with a predicted branch target address. The branch logic accesses the level one and level two BTACs in parallel with a tag portion of a first instruction fetch address to obtain a first predicted branch target address from the level one BTAC for use as a second instruction fetch address in a first processor clock cycle and a second predicted branch target address from the level two BTAC for use as a third instruction fetch address in a later second processor clock cycle.
摘要翻译：处理器包括执行单元和从存储器系统执行指令的指令排序逻辑。指令排序逻辑包括分支逻辑，该分支逻辑输出用作指令获取地址的预测分支目标地址。分支逻辑包括一级分支目标地址高速缓存（BTAC）和二级BTAC，每级具有相应的多个条目，每个条目将至少一个标签与预测的分支目标地址相关联。分支逻辑与第一指令获取地址的标签部分并行地访问一级和二级BTAC以从第一级BTAC获得第一预测分支目标地址，以在第一处理器时钟周期中用作第二指令获取地址以及来自第二级BTAC的第二预测分支目标地址，以在随后的第二处理器时钟周期中用作第三指令提取地址。

5. 发明授权

US07877586B2 Branch target address cache selectively applying a delayed hit 有权
标题翻译：分支目标地址缓存有选择地应用延迟命中
公开(公告)号：US07877586B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-25
申请号：US12024190
申请日：2008-02-01
申请人： David S. Levitan , Lixin Zhang
发明人： David S. Levitan , Lixin Zhang
IPC分类号： G06F9/32 , G06F9/42
CPC分类号： G06F9/3806 , G06F9/3844 , G06F9/3869
摘要： In at least one embodiment, a processor includes at least one execution unit that executes instructions and instruction sequencing logic, coupled to the at least one execution unit, that fetches instructions from a memory system for execution by the at least one execution unit. The instruction sequencing logic including branch target address prediction circuitry that stores a branch target address prediction associating a first instruction fetch address with a branch target address to be used as a second instruction fetch address. The branch target address prediction circuitry includes delay logic that, in response to at least a tag portion of a third instruction fetch address matching the first instruction fetch address, delays access to the memory system utilizing the second instruction fetch address if no branch target address prediction was made in an immediately previous cycle of operation.
摘要翻译：在至少一个实施例中，处理器包括至少一个执行单元，其执行耦合到所述至少一个执行单元的指令和指令排序逻辑，所述指令和指令排序逻辑从存储器系统取出用于由所述至少一个执行单元执行的指令。指令排序逻辑包括分支目标地址预测电路，其存储将第一指令取出地址与要用作第二指令取出地址的分支目标地址相关联的分支目标地址预测。分支目标地址预测电路包括延迟逻辑，响应于与第一指令获取地址匹配的第三指令获取地址的至少一个标签部分，如果没有分支目标地址预测，则使用第二指令获取地址延迟对存储器系统的访问是在上一个操作循环中进行的。

6. 发明授权

US07865705B2 Branch target address cache including address type tag bit 有权
标题翻译：分支目标地址缓存包括地址类型标签位
公开(公告)号：US07865705B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-04
申请号：US12024203
申请日：2008-02-01
申请人： David S. Levitan , Lixin Zhang
发明人： David S. Levitan , Lixin Zhang
IPC分类号： G06F9/35 , G06F9/355
CPC分类号： G06F9/3806 , G06F9/30094 , G06F9/3013 , G06F9/30174 , G06F9/3802 , G06F9/383 , G06F9/3836 , G06F9/384 , G06F9/3844 , G06F9/3889
摘要： In at least one embodiment, a processor includes an execution unit and instruction sequencing logic that fetches instructions from a memory system for execution by the execution unit. The instruction sequencing logic includes branch logic that outputs predicted branch target addresses for use as instruction fetch addresses. The branch logic includes a branch target address prediction circuitry concurrently holding a first entry providing storage for a first branch target address prediction associating a first instruction fetch address with a first branch target address to be used as an instruction fetch address and a second entry providing storage for a second branch target address prediction associating the first instruction fetch address with a different second branch target address. The first entry indicates a first instruction address type for the first instruction fetch address, and the second entry indicates a second instruction address type for the first instruction fetch address.
摘要翻译：在至少一个实施例中，处理器包括执行单元和指令排序逻辑，其从存储器系统中取出指令以供执行单元执行。指令排序逻辑包括分支逻辑，该分支逻辑输出用作指令获取地址的预测分支目标地址。分支逻辑包括分支目标地址预测电路，同时保持提供用于第一分支目标地址预测的存储的第一条目，其中第一分支目标地址预测将第一指令获取地址与要用作指令获取地址的第一转移目标地址相关联，以及第二条目提供存储用于将第一指令提取地址与不同的第二分支目标地址相关联的第二分支目标地址预测。第一条目指示第一指令获取地址的第一指令地址类型，第二条目指示第一指令提取地址的第二指令地址类型。

7. 发明申请

US20090198985A1 DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM, PROCESSOR AND METHOD OF DATA PROCESSING HAVING BRANCH TARGET ADDRESS CACHE WITH HASHED INDICES 有权
标题翻译：数据处理系统，具有分散目标地址缓存的数据处理器和数据处理方法
公开(公告)号：US20090198985A1
公开(公告)日：2009-08-06
申请号：US12024219
申请日：2008-02-01
申请人： SHELDON B. LEVENSTEIN , David S. Levitan , Lixin Zhang
发明人： SHELDON B. LEVENSTEIN , David S. Levitan , Lixin Zhang
IPC分类号： G06F9/30
CPC分类号： G06F9/3806 , G06F9/3844
摘要： In at least one embodiment, a processor includes at least one execution unit that executes instructions and instruction sequencing logic, coupled to the at least one execution unit, that fetches instructions from a memory system for execution by the at least one execution unit. The instruction sequencing logic including a branch target address cache (BTAC) including a plurality of entries for storing branch target address predictions. The BTAC includes index logic that selects an entry to access utilizing a BTAC index based upon at least a set of higher order bits of an instruction address and a set of lower order bits of the instruction address.
摘要翻译：在至少一个实施例中，处理器包括至少一个执行单元，其执行耦合到所述至少一个执行单元的指令和指令排序逻辑，所述指令和指令排序逻辑从存储器系统取出用于由所述至少一个执行单元执行的指令。指令排序逻辑包括分支目标地址高速缓存（BTAC），其包括用于存储分支目标地址预测的多个条目。 BTAC包括索引逻辑，其基于指令地址的至少一组较高位和指令地址的较低位的集合来选择使用BTAC索引的访问条目。

8. 发明申请

US20130055033A1 HARDWARE-ASSISTED PROGRAM TRACE COLLECTION WITH SELECTABLE CALL-SIGNATURE CAPTURE 审中-公开
标题翻译：硬件辅助程序跟踪采集与可选择的呼叫签名捕获
公开(公告)号：US20130055033A1
公开(公告)日：2013-02-28
申请号：US13300863
申请日：2011-11-21
申请人： Giles R. Frazier , David S. Levitan , Brian R. Mestan , Mauricio J. Serrano
发明人： Giles R. Frazier , David S. Levitan , Brian R. Mestan , Mauricio J. Serrano
IPC分类号： G06F11/34
CPC分类号： G06F11/3466 , G06F11/348 , G06F11/3636 , G06F2201/83 , G06F2201/865
摘要： Hardware-assisted program tracing is facilitated by a processor that includes a root instruction address register, a program trace signature computation unit and a call signature register. When a program instruction having an address matching the root instruction address register is executed, a program trace signature is captured in the call signature register and capture of branch history is commenced. By accumulating different values of the call signature register, for example in response to an interrupt generated when the root instruction is executed, software that performs program tracing can obtain signatures of all of the multiple execution paths that lead to the root instruction, which is also specified by software in order to set different root instructions for program tracing. In an alternative implementation, a storage for multiple call signatures is provided in the processor and read at once by the software.
摘要翻译：硬件辅助程序跟踪由包括根指令地址寄存器，程序跟踪签名计算单元和呼叫签名寄存器的处理器来促进。当执行具有与根指令地址寄存器匹配的地址的程序指令时，在呼叫签名寄存器中捕获程序跟踪签名，并且开始分支历史记录的捕获。通过累积呼叫签名寄存器的不同值，例如响应于执行根指令时产生的中断，执行程序跟踪的软件可以获得导致根指令的所有多个执行路径的签名，这也是由软件指定，以便为程序跟踪设置不同的根指令。在替代实现中，在处理器中提供用于多个呼叫签名的存储器，并由软件一次读取。

9. 发明授权

US07809933B2 System and method for optimizing branch logic for handling hard to predict indirect branches 有权
标题翻译：用于优化分支逻辑以处理难以预测间接分支的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07809933B2
公开(公告)日：2010-10-05
申请号：US11759350
申请日：2007-06-07
申请人： David S. Levitan , Wolfram Sauer
发明人： David S. Levitan , Wolfram Sauer
IPC分类号： G06F7/38 , G06F9/00 , G06F9/44 , G06F15/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/322 , G06F9/30181 , G06F9/3804
摘要： A system and method for optimizing the branch logic of a processor to improve handling of hard to predict indirect branches are provided. The system and method leverage the observation that there will generally be only one move to the count register (mtctr) instruction that will be executed while a branch on count register (bcctr) instruction has been fetched and not executed. With the mechanisms of the illustrative embodiments, fetch logic detects that it has encountered a bcctr instruction that is hard to predict and, in response to this detection, blocks the target fetch from entering the instruction buffer of the processor. At this point, the fetch logic has fetched all the instructions up to and including the bcctr instruction but no target instructions. When the next mtctr instruction is executed, the branch logic of the processor grabs the data and starts fetching using that target address. Since there are no other target instructions that were fetched, no flush is needed if that target address is the correct address, i.e. the branch prediction is correct.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于优化处理器的分支逻辑以改善难以预测间接分支的处理的系统和方法。系统和方法利用这样的观察，通常只有一个移动到计数寄存器（mtctr）指令，在计数寄存器（bcctr）指令的分支已经被取出并且不被执行时将被执行。利用说明性实施例的机制，提取逻辑检测到它已经遇到难以预测的bcctr指令，并且响应于该检测阻止目标提取进入处理器的指令缓冲器。此时，提取逻辑已经获取了直到并包括bcctr指令但没有目标指令的所有指令。当执行下一个mtctr指令时，处理器的分支逻辑抓取数据，并使用该目标地址开始提取。由于没有其他目标指令被取出，如果目标地址是正确的地址，即分支预测是正确的，则不需要刷新。

10. 发明授权

US5465373A Method and system for single cycle dispatch of multiple instructions in a superscalar processor system 失效
标题翻译：用于超标量处理器系统中多个指令的单周期调度的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US5465373A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-07
申请号：US1864
申请日：1993-01-08
申请人： James A. Kahle , Chin-Cheng Kau , David S. Levitan , Aubrey D. Ogden , Ali A. Poursepanj , Paul K.-G. Tu , Donald E. Waldecker
发明人： James A. Kahle , Chin-Cheng Kau , David S. Levitan , Aubrey D. Ogden , Ali A. Poursepanj , Paul K.-G. Tu , Donald E. Waldecker
IPC分类号： G06F9/38
CPC分类号： G06F9/3836 , G06F9/384
摘要： A method and system for permitting single cycle instruction dispatch in a superscalar processor system which dispatches multiple instructions simultaneously to a group of execution units for execution and placement of results thereof within specified general purpose registers. Each instruction generally includes at least one source operand and one destination operand. A plurality of intermediate storage buffers are provided and each time an instruction is dispatched to an available execution unit, a particular one of the intermediate storage buffers is assigned to any destination operand within the dispatched instruction, permitting the instruction to be dispatched within a single cycle by eliminating any requirement for determining and selecting the specified general purpose register or a designated alternate general purpose register.
摘要翻译：一种用于在超标量处理器系统中允许单周期指令调度的方法和系统，其将多个指令同时分配到一组执行单元以执行并将其结果放置在指定的通用寄存器内。每个指令通常包括至少一个源操作数和一个目的操作数。提供多个中间存储缓冲器，并且每当将指令分派到可用执行单元时，中间存储缓冲器中的特定一个被分配给调度指令内的任何目的地操作数，允许在单个周期内发送指令通过消除对确定和选择指定的通用寄存器或指定的备用通用寄存器的任何要求。

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