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1. 发明授权

US09014416B1 Sensory processing apparatus and methods 有权
标题翻译：感觉处理装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US09014416B1
公开(公告)日：2015-04-21
申请号：US13540429
申请日：2012-07-02
申请人： Dimitry Fisher , Eugene M. Izhikevich , Marius Buibas
发明人： Dimitry Fisher , Eugene M. Izhikevich , Marius Buibas
IPC分类号： G06K9/00 , H01L27/146
CPC分类号： G06K9/605 , G06K9/645 , G06N3/049 , G06N3/063 , H01L27/14609 , H04N5/357
摘要： Artificial retina may be implemented. A retinal apparatus may comprise an input pixel layer, hidden photoreceptive layer, an output neuron layer, and/or other components. Individual cones of the photoreceptive layer may be configured to receive input stimulus from one or more cones within the cone circle of confusion. The cone dynamic may be described using a diffusive state equation characterized by two variables configured to represent membrane voltage and current. Diffusive horizontal coupling of neighboring cones may effectuate non-separable spatiotemporal response that is configured to respond to contrast reversing and/or coherent moving stimulus. The photoreceptive layer high-pass filtered output may facilitate contrast detection by suppressing time-invariant component of the input and reducing sensitivity of the retina to the static inputs.
摘要翻译：可以实施人造视网膜。视网膜装置可以包括输入像素层，隐藏的感光层，输出神经元层和/或其它组件。感光层的单个锥体可以被配置为从混合锥圆圈内的一个或多个锥体接收输入刺激。可以使用由两个变量表征的扩散状态方程来描述锥形动态，其被配置为表示膜电压和电流。相邻锥体的扩散水平耦合可以实现被配置为响应对比度反转和/或相干移动刺激的不可分离的时空响应。感光层高通滤波输出可以通过抑制输入的时间不变分量并降低视网膜对静态输入的敏感度来促进对比度检测。

2. 发明授权

US09412041B1 Retinal apparatus and methods 有权
标题翻译：视网膜仪器和方法
公开(公告)号：US09412041B1
公开(公告)日：2016-08-09
申请号：US13539142
申请日：2012-06-29
申请人： Dimitry Fisher , Eugene M. Izhikevich , Marius Buibas , Botond Szatmary
发明人： Dimitry Fisher , Eugene M. Izhikevich , Marius Buibas , Botond Szatmary
IPC分类号： G06K9/00 , G06K9/60 , G06N3/063
CPC分类号： G06K9/605 , G06K9/645 , G06N3/049 , G06N3/063 , H01L27/14609 , H04N5/357
摘要： Artificial retina may be implemented. A retinal apparatus may comprise an input pixel layer, hidden photoreceptive layer, an output neuron layer, and/or other components. Individual cones of the photoreceptive layer may be configured to receive input stimulus from one or more cones within the cone circle of confusion. The cone dynamic may be described using a diffusive state equation characterized by two variables configured to represent membrane voltage and current. Diffusive horizontal coupling of neighboring cones may effectuate non-separable spatiotemporal response that is configured to respond to contrast reversing and/or coherent moving stimulus. The photoreceptive layer high-pass filtered output may facilitate contrast detection by suppressing time-invariant component of the input and reducing sensitivity of the retina to the static inputs.
摘要翻译：可以实施人造视网膜。视网膜装置可以包括输入像素层，隐藏的感光层，输出神经元层和/或其它组件。感光层的单个锥体可以被配置为从混合锥圆圈内的一个或多个锥体接收输入刺激。可以使用由两个变量表征的扩散状态方程来描述锥形动态，其被配置为表示膜电压和电流。相邻锥体的扩散水平耦合可以实现被配置为响应对比度反转和/或相干移动刺激的不可分离的时空响应。感光层高通滤波输出可以通过抑制输入的时间不变分量并降低视网膜对静态输入的敏感度来促进对比度检测。

3. 发明授权

US09147156B2 Apparatus and methods for synaptic update in a pulse-coded network 有权
标题翻译：脉冲编码网络中突触更新的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US09147156B2
公开(公告)日：2015-09-29
申请号：US13239255
申请日：2011-09-21
申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich , Filip Piekniewski , Jayram Moorkanikara Nageswaran , Jeffrey Alexander Levin , Venkat Rangan , Erik Christopher Malone
发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich , Filip Piekniewski , Jayram Moorkanikara Nageswaran , Jeffrey Alexander Levin , Venkat Rangan , Erik Christopher Malone
IPC分类号： G06F1/16 , G06N3/04
CPC分类号： G06N3/049
摘要： Apparatus and methods for efficient synaptic update in a network such as a spiking neural network. In one embodiment, the post-synaptic updates, in response to generation of a post-synaptic pulse by a post-synaptic unit, are delayed until a subsequent pre-synaptic pulse is received by the unit. Pre-synaptic updates are performed first following by the post-synaptic update, thus ensuring synaptic connection status is up-to-date. The delay update mechanism is used in conjunction with system “flush” events in order to ensure accurate network operation, and prevent loss of information under a variety of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic unit firing rates. A large network partition mechanism is used in one variant with network processing apparatus in order to enable processing of network signals in a limited functionality embedded hardware environment.
摘要翻译：用于在诸如尖峰神经网络的网络中有效突触更新的装置和方法。在一个实施例中，响应于由突触后单元产生后突触脉冲的突触后更新被延迟，直到该单元接收到后续的突触前脉冲。先突触后更新是在突触后更新之后进行的，因此确保突触连接状态是最新的。延迟更新机制与系统“刷新”事件结合使用，以确保网络运行准确，防止各种突触前和突触后单位发射速率下的信息丢失。在一个变型中，网络分割机制用于网络处理设备，以便能够在有限的功能嵌入式硬件环境中处理网络信号。

4. 发明授权

US09122994B2 Apparatus and methods for temporally proximate object recognition 有权
标题翻译：用于时间上靠近物体识别的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US09122994B2
公开(公告)日：2015-09-01
申请号：US13152105
申请日：2011-06-02
申请人： Filip Lukasz Piekniewski , Csaba Petre , Sach Hansen Sokol , Botond Szatmary , Jayram Moorkanikara Nageswaran , Eugene M. Izhikevich
发明人： Filip Lukasz Piekniewski , Csaba Petre , Sach Hansen Sokol , Botond Szatmary , Jayram Moorkanikara Nageswaran , Eugene M. Izhikevich
IPC分类号： G06N3/04
CPC分类号： G06N3/049
摘要： Object recognition apparatus and methods useful for extracting information from an input signal. In one embodiment, the input signal is representative of an element of an image, and the extracted information is encoded into patterns of pulses. The patterns of pulses are directed via transmission channels to a plurality of detector nodes configured to generate an output pulse upon detecting an object of interest. Upon detecting a particular object, a given detector node elevates its sensitivity to that particular object when processing subsequent inputs. In one implementation, one or more of the detector nodes are also configured to prevent adjacent detector nodes from generating detection signals in response to the same object representation. The object recognition apparatus modulates properties of the transmission channels by promoting contributions from channels carrying information used in object recognition.
摘要翻译：用于从输入信号中提取信息的对象识别装置和方法。在一个实施例中，输入信号表示图像的元素，并且将所提取的信息编码为脉冲图案。脉冲的模式经由传输通道被引导到多个检测器节点，其被配置为在检测到感兴趣对象时产生输出脉冲。当检测到特定物体时，给定的检测器节点在处理后续输入时提高其对该特定物体的敏感度。在一个实现中，一个或多个检测器节点还被配置为防止相邻检测器节点响应于相同的对象表示而产生检测信号。对象识别装置通过促进携带在对象识别中使用的信息的信道的贡献来调制传输信道的属性。

5. 发明授权

US09110771B2 Computations using a polychronous wave propagation system 有权
标题翻译：使用同步波传播系统的计算
公开(公告)号：US09110771B2
公开(公告)日：2015-08-18
申请号：US13015147
申请日：2011-01-27
申请人： Frank C. Hoppensteadt , Varun Narendra , Eugene M. Izhikevich
发明人： Frank C. Hoppensteadt , Varun Narendra , Eugene M. Izhikevich
IPC分类号： H04Q5/22 , G06F15/00 , G06N99/00
CPC分类号： G06K7/10366 , G06F15/00 , G06F17/11 , G06N3/049 , G06N99/00
摘要： The present invention relates to a polychronous wave propagation system that is based on relative timing between two or more propagated waves through a wave propagation medium. The relative timing may be associated with interference patterns of energy between the propagated waves. Operational behavior of the polychronous wave propagation system is based on the relative timing of the propagated waves and distances between initiators that transmit the propagated waves and responders that receive the propagated waves. The operational behavior may include arithmetical computations, memory storage, Boolean functions, frequency-based computations, or the like. The polychronous wave propagation system relies on time delays between the propagated waves that result from propagation velocities of the propagated waves through the wave propagation medium. By incorporating the time delays into the system, operational capacity may be greatly enhanced.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种基于通过波传播介质的两个或更多个传播波之间的相对定时的同步波传播系统。相对定时可以与传播波之间的能量的干涉图案相关联。同步波传播系统的操作行为是基于传播波的相对定时和发射传播波的发射器和接收传播波的响应器之间的距离。操作行为可以包括算术计算，存储器存储，布尔函数，基于频率的计算等。同步波传播系统依赖于通过波传播介质传播的波的传播速度所产生的传播波之间的时间延迟。通过将时间延迟并入系统，可以大大提高运行能力。

6. 发明申请

US20080270169A1 Peer ranking 审中-公开
标题翻译：同行排名
公开(公告)号：US20080270169A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-30
申请号：US12108865
申请日：2008-04-24
申请人： Osman Kibar , Eugene M. Izhikevich
发明人： Osman Kibar , Eugene M. Izhikevich
IPC分类号： G06Q10/00
CPC分类号： G06Q90/00
摘要： Among other things, with respect to entities each of which has attributes from which a value of the entity to an aspect of one or more fields of human activity can be evaluated subjectively, accumulating subjective information interactively and electronically from people who are experts or peers in one or more of the fields of human activity concerning the value of the entities to the aspect of one or more of the fields, and automatically generating data about relative values of at least some of the entities to the aspect of at least one of the fields based on at least some of the accumulated subjective information.
摘要翻译：除了别的以外，对于每一个具有属性的实体，其实体的价值可以主观地评估人类活动的一个或多个领域的一个方面，从作为专家或同伴的人交互地和电子地积累主观信息关于实体在一个或多个领域的方面的价值的人类活动的一个或多个领域，并且自动地生成关于至少一些实体的至少一个领域的相对值的数据基于累积的主观信息中的至少一些。

7. 发明授权

US09311593B2 Apparatus and methods for polychronous encoding and multiplexing in neuronal prosthetic devices 有权
标题翻译：用于神经元假体装置中多次编码和复用的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US09311593B2
公开(公告)日：2016-04-12
申请号：US13117048
申请日：2011-05-26
申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich
发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich
IPC分类号： A61N1/36 , G06N3/04 , G06F19/00
CPC分类号： G06N3/049 , G06F19/00 , G06F19/36 , G16H40/63
摘要： Apparatus and methods for encoding sensory input information into patterns of pulses and message multiplexing. In one implementation, the patterns of pulses are polychronous (time-locked by not necessary synchronous), and a retinal prosthetic encodes the input signal into the polychronous patterns for delivery via stimulating electrodes. Different polychronous patterns simultaneously encode different sensory signals; (such as different features of the image), thus providing for message multiplexing. Increasing data transmission capacity allows for a reduction in the number of electrodes required for data transmission. In one implementation, an adaptive feedback mechanism is employed to facilitate encoder operation. In another aspect, a computer vision system is described.
摘要翻译：用于将感觉输入信息编码成脉冲模式和消息复用的装置和方法。在一个实施方案中，脉冲的图案是同步的（通过不必要的同步的时间锁定），并且视网膜假体将输入信号编码为多通道图案以经由刺激电极传送。不同的同步图案同时编码不同的感觉信号; （如图像的不同特征），从而提供消息复用。增加数据传输容量可以减少数据传输所需的电极数量。在一个实现中，采用自适应反馈机制来促进编码器操作。在另一方面，描述了计算机视觉系统。

8. 发明授权

US08719199B2 Systems and methods for providing a neural network having an elementary network description for efficient implementation of event-triggered plasticity rules 失效
标题翻译：用于提供具有用于有效实现事件触发可塑性规则的基本网络描述的神经网络的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US08719199B2
公开(公告)日：2014-05-06
申请号：US13239163
申请日：2011-09-21
申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich , Botond Szatmary , Csaba Petre , Filip Piekniewski , Jayram Moorkanikara Nageswaran
发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich , Botond Szatmary , Csaba Petre , Filip Piekniewski , Jayram Moorkanikara Nageswaran
IPC分类号： G05B13/02 , G06N3/08
CPC分类号： G06N3/08 , G05B13/027 , G06N3/049 , G06N3/10
摘要： A simple format is disclosed and referred to as Elementary Network Description (END). The format can fully describe a large-scale neuronal model and embodiments of software or hardware engines to simulate such a model efficiently. The architecture of such neuromorphic engines is optimal for high-performance parallel processing of spiking networks with spike-timing dependent plasticity. The software and hardware engines are optimized to take into account short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity in the form of LTD, LTP, and STDP.
摘要翻译：公开了一种简单的格式，并被称为基本网络描述（END）。该格式可以充分描述大规模神经元模型和软件或硬件引擎的实施例，以有效地模拟这种模型。这种神经形态发动机的架构对于具有尖峰时间依赖可塑性的加标网络的高性能并行处理是最佳的。软件和硬件引擎经过优化考虑了LTD，LTP和STDP形式的短期和长期突触可塑性。

9. 发明申请

US20130251278A1 INVARIANT PULSE LATENCY CODING SYSTEMS AND METHODS 有权
标题翻译：不确定脉冲序列编码系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20130251278A1
公开(公告)日：2013-09-26
申请号：US13895246
申请日：2013-05-15
申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich , Botond Szatmary , Csaba Petre
发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich , Botond Szatmary , Csaba Petre
IPC分类号： G06T9/00
CPC分类号： H04N19/107 , G06K9/46 , G06N3/049 , G06T7/20 , G06T7/40 , G06T9/002 , G06T2207/10016 , H04B14/026 , H04N19/00
摘要： Systems and methods for processing image signals are described. One method comprises obtaining a generator signal based on an image signal and determining relative latencies associated with two or more pulses in a pulsed signal using a function of the generator signal that can comprise a logarithmic function. The function of the generator signal can be the absolute value of its argument. Information can be encoded in the pattern of relative latencies. Latencies can be determined using a scaling parameter that is calculated from a history of the image signal. The pulsed signal is typically received from a plurality of channels and the scaling parameter corresponds to at least one of the channels. The scaling parameter may be adaptively calculated such that the latency of the next pulse falls within one or more of a desired interval and an optimal interval.
摘要翻译：描述用于处理图像信号的系统和方法。一种方法包括基于图像信号获得发生器信号，并且使用可以包括对数函数的发生器信号的函数来确定与脉冲信号中的两个或更多个脉冲相关联的相对延迟。发电机信号的功能可以是其参数的绝对值。信息可以以相对延迟的模式进行编码。可以使用从图像信号的历史计算的缩放参数来确定延迟。通常从多个通道接收脉冲信号，并且缩放参数对应于至少一个通道。可以自适应地计算缩放参数，使得下一个脉冲的等待时间落入期望的间隔和最佳间隔的一个或多个之内。

10. 发明申请

US20130073484A1 ELEMENTARY NETWORK DESCRIPTION FOR EFFICIENT MEMORY MANAGEMENT IN NEUROMORPHIC SYSTEMS 失效
标题翻译：神经网络系统中有效的内存管理的基本网络描述
公开(公告)号：US20130073484A1
公开(公告)日：2013-03-21
申请号：US13239155
申请日：2011-09-21
申请人： Eugene M. Izhikevich , Botond Szatmary , Csaba Petre , Filip Piekniewski
发明人： Eugene M. Izhikevich , Botond Szatmary , Csaba Petre , Filip Piekniewski
IPC分类号： G06N3/04
CPC分类号： G06N3/10 , G06N3/04 , G06N3/049
摘要： A simple format is disclosed and referred to as Elementary Network Description (END). The format can fully describe a large-scale neuronal model and embodiments of software or hardware engines to simulate such a model efficiently. The architecture of such neuromorphic engines is optimal for high-performance parallel processing of spiking networks with spike-timing dependent plasticity. Methods for managing memory in a processing system are described whereby memory can be allocated among a plurality of elements and rules configured for each element such that the parallel execution of the spiking networks is most optimal.
摘要翻译：公开了一种简单的格式，并被称为基本网络描述（END）。该格式可以充分描述大规模神经元模型和软件或硬件引擎的实施例，以有效地模拟这种模型。这种神经形态发动机的架构对于具有尖峰时间依赖可塑性的加标网络的高性能并行处理是最佳的。描述了用于管理处理系统中的存储器的方法，其中可以在为每个元件配置的多个元件和规则之间分配存储器，使得加标网络的并行执行是最佳的。

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