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1. 发明授权

US3995130A Arc quenching chamber component structure for circuit breakers operating with pressurized gas 失效
标题翻译：用加压气体操作的断路器的电弧淬火室部件结构
公开(公告)号：US3995130A
公开(公告)日：1976-11-30
申请号：US446778
申请日：1974-02-28
申请人： Gerhard Mauthe , Klaus Ragaller , Ekkehard Schade
发明人： Gerhard Mauthe , Klaus Ragaller , Ekkehard Schade
IPC分类号： H01H33/70 , H01H33/76 , H01H33/60
CPC分类号： H01H33/76 , H01H33/7023 , H01H33/7076
摘要： A structural component such as nozzle-forming member to be utilized in conjunction with the arc quenching chamber of an electrical circuit breaker operating with a pressurized gaseous fluid such as SF.sub.6 and made from a polytetrafluoroethylene composition that is gas-emissive under influence of heat generated by the arc in the vicinity of the nozzle is provided with a system of gas-conducting passageways to permit such gas to escape from sub-surface cavities formed by deterioration of the composition rather than accumulate therein which leads ultimately to undersirable chipping off of pieces of the surface. These passageways may be constituted by a system of blind holes or by a system of grooves.
摘要翻译：一种结构部件，例如喷嘴形成部件，与电弧断路器的灭弧室结合使用，该电路断路器用加压气态流体如SF6操作并由聚四氟乙烯组合物制成，该聚四氟乙烯组合物在由喷嘴附近的电弧设置有导气通道的系统，以允许这种气体从由组合物的劣化形成的子表面空腔中逸出，而不是积聚在其中，这最终导致不可取的碎屑表面。这些通道可以由盲孔系统或凹槽系统构成。

2. 发明授权

US4414450A High voltage power switch 失效
标题翻译：高压电源开关
公开(公告)号：US4414450A
公开(公告)日：1983-11-08
申请号：US260203
申请日：1981-05-04
申请人： Rudolf Moll , Klaus Ragaller , Ekkehard Schade
发明人： Rudolf Moll , Klaus Ragaller , Ekkehard Schade
IPC分类号： H01H33/18 , H01H33/91 , H01H33/915 , H01H33/70 , H01H33/82
CPC分类号： H01H33/18 , H01H33/91
摘要： A high voltage power switch for alternating current has a stationary, hollow contact, an axially displaceable contact, a nozzle through which compressed gas is directed into an expansion chamber, and a cylindrical coil. The coil is connected at one of its ends with a first part of the hollow contact, and at its other end with a second part of the stationary contact. In a switch of this type, the disconnect capacity is improved by an increased exchange of gas between the arc and the surrounding compressed gas, while the dimensions of the coil connected with the hollow contact and the magnitude of the flow of compressed gas are relatively small. These features are obtained by configuring the first part of the stationary contact as a nozzle, and providing a compression device, actuated by the contacts, to produce a flow of compressed gas of a magnitude so that the arc is commutated from the first part to the second part of the contact within a period of time that is short compared with the duration of the half-wave of the current, prior to the time the current changes polarity.
摘要翻译：用于交流电的高压电源开关具有静止的中空接触，可轴向移动的接触，压缩气体被引导到膨胀室中的喷嘴和圆柱形线圈。线圈的一端与中空触点的第一部分连接，而另一端连接固定触点的第二部分。在这种类型的开关中，通过在电弧和周围的压缩气体之间增加的气体交换来提高断开容量，而与中空接触件相连的线圈的尺寸和压缩气体的流动的大小相对较小。这些特征通过将固定接触件的第一部分构造为喷嘴而获得，并且提供由触头致动的压缩装置，以产生大小的压缩气体流，使得电弧从第一部分转换到在电流变化极限之前的一段时间内与电流半波的持续时间相比较短的时间段内的第二部分。

3. 发明授权

US4556767A Gas-blast circuit breaker 失效
标题翻译：气体断路器
公开(公告)号：US4556767A
公开(公告)日：1985-12-03
申请号：US614866
申请日：1984-05-29
申请人： Walter Egli , Klaus Ragaller , Ekkehard Schade , Roland Stelzer
发明人： Walter Egli , Klaus Ragaller , Ekkehard Schade , Roland Stelzer
IPC分类号： H01H33/91 , H01H33/90 , H01H33/915 , H01H33/88
CPC分类号： H01H33/901 , H01H33/905
摘要： A gas-blast breaker with two contact members which are movable relative to one another. Each contact member is provided with a respective sparking contact. The contacts communicate with a cylindrical compression chamber whose volume varies as a function of the movement of the contact members and which is filled pressurized gas. A channel leading into a quenching zone between the sparking contacts extends into a first one of the two end faces of the compression chamber. A second one of the two end faces is bounded by a piston which is displaceable along the cylinder axis of the compression chamber and which is subjected to the action of a tensioned spring. The circuit breaker is suited for reliably interrupting both small and large currents, with a comparatively weak and simple drive mechanism for the movable contact member. The piston interacts with a fixed stop which is arranged such that the movement of the piston which is subjected to the action of the tensioned spring is blocked, below a predetermined first gas pressure in the compression chamber, against the movement of one of the contact members which is moved upon the occurrence of a breaking operation in the circuit breaker.
摘要翻译：具有可相对于彼此移动的两个接触构件的气体破碎机。每个触点构件都设有相应的火花触点。接触件与圆柱形压缩室连通，其体积根据接触构件的运动而变化，并且其被填充加压气体。引导到火花触头之间的淬火区域的通道延伸到压缩室的两个端面中的第一个端面中。两个端面中的第二个端面由活塞限定，该活塞可沿着压缩室的气缸轴线移动并且受到张紧弹簧的作用。断路器适用于可靠地中断小电流和大电流，具有用于可动接触构件的较弱且简单的驱动机构。活塞与固定止动件相互作用，该固定止动件被布置成使得受到张紧弹簧的作用的活塞的运动被阻塞，低于压缩室中预定的第一气体压力，抵抗一个接触构件的运动其在断路器中发生断路操作时移动。

4. 发明授权

US4486632A High-voltage power switch 失效
标题翻译：高压电源开关
公开(公告)号：US4486632A
公开(公告)日：1984-12-04
申请号：US387465
申请日：1982-06-11
申请人： Lutz Niemeyer , Blaise Perrenoud , Klaus Ragaller , Ekkehard Schade , Rolf Schaumann
发明人： Lutz Niemeyer , Blaise Perrenoud , Klaus Ragaller , Ekkehard Schade , Rolf Schaumann
IPC分类号： H01H33/18 , H01H33/90 , H01H33/915 , H01H33/88
CPC分类号： H01H33/903 , H01H2033/902 , H01H33/18
摘要： In a high-voltage power switch having a movable contact and at least one other contact, wherein the contacts define a quenching path in which an arc burns, a piston/cylinder compression device in which fresh quenching gas is condensed, and a heating volume in which quenching gas is stored and compressed by the arc as a result of heating, quenching gas compressed during a switching process is blown into the quenching path and removed through a nozzle into an expansion space. So that the blowing of the arc is nearly independent of the intensity of the current to be interrupted and, in addition, an increase in the quenching capacity can be attained by means of a supply of fresh quenching gas, the movable contact is rigidly connected to the piston, which changes the volume of a compression space. The compression space and the heating volume open into a common annular duct. This annular duct is a part of a mixing device for hot and cold quenching gas and connects the compression space and the heating volume to the quenching path.
摘要翻译：在具有可动触点和至少一个其它触点的高压电源开关中，其中所述触点限定了电弧燃烧的淬火路径，其中新鲜的淬火气体被冷凝的活塞/气缸压缩装置以及加热体积该淬火气体由于加热而被电弧储存和压缩，在切换过程中被压缩的骤冷气体被吹入淬火路径中，并通过喷嘴除去到膨胀空间。因此，电弧的吹制几乎与待中断的电流的强度无关，另外，通过提供新鲜的淬火气体可以实现淬火能力的提高，可动触头刚性地连接到活塞，其改变压缩空间的体积。压缩空间和加热容积开放到共同的环形管道中。该环形管道是用于冷热淬火气体的混合装置的一部分，并将压缩空间和加热体积连接到淬火路径。

5. 发明授权

US4420662A Compressed-gas circuit breaker 失效
标题翻译：压缩气体断路器
公开(公告)号：US4420662A
公开(公告)日：1983-12-13
申请号：US316518
申请日：1981-10-29
申请人： Lutz Niemeyer , Klaus Ragaller
发明人： Lutz Niemeyer , Klaus Ragaller
IPC分类号： H01H33/24 , H01H33/70 , H01H33/915 , H01H33/10
CPC分类号： H01H33/245 , H01H33/7069
摘要： A compressed-gas circuit breaker possesses two contact members (1, 2), which move relative to one another, and a nozzle (7), which is made of dielectric material and is attached to a first (2) member of the two contact members. The constriction (8) of the nozzle (7) which is made of dielectric material, separates a compression-space (9) from an expansion-space (15), and the compressed gas used for extinguishing the arc which occurs on operating the circuit breaker flows through this constriction. An insert (13), designed in the shape of an annulus, is provided at the nozzle constriction (8). The design of the nozzle (7), which is made of dielectric material, is such that it can be exposed to a high thermal loading in the region of its constriction, while, at the same time, high voltages can be held in the breaker-gap, without the occurrence of instances of arcing-over. This object is achieved by arranging the insert (13) to be electrically isolated with respect to the two contact members (1, 2) the insert exhibits a first capacitance with respect to the first contact member (2) and a second capacitance with respect to the second contact member (1). The magnitudes of the capacitances are chosen, by suitable arrangement and dimensioning of the insert (13), so that the electric field in the region of the nozzle constriction (8) is displaced at least partially from the surface of the nozzle, into the compression-space (9) and into the expansion-space (15).
摘要翻译：压缩气体断路器具有彼此相对移动的两个接触构件（1,2）和由电介质材料制成并连接到两个触点的第一（2）构件的喷嘴（7）会员由介电材料制成的喷嘴（7）的收缩部（8）将压缩空间（9）与膨胀空间（15）分开，并且在操作电路时发生的用于熄灭电弧的压缩气体断路器流经该收缩。在喷嘴收缩部（8）处设置有设计为环形形状的插入件（13）。由介电材料制成的喷嘴（7）的设计使得其可以在其收缩区域中暴露于高热负荷，同时可以在断路器中保持高电压 -gap，没有发生电弧的情况。该目的通过将插入件（13）相对于两个接触构件（1,2）布置成电隔离来实现，插入件相对于第一接触构件（2）呈现第一电容，并且相对于第二接触构件（1）。通过插入件（13）的合适布置和尺寸来选择电容的大小，使得喷嘴收缩部（8）区域中的电场至少部分地从喷嘴的表面移位到压缩（9）并进入扩展空间（15）。

6. 发明授权

US4431878A Compression piston switch 失效
标题翻译：压缩活塞开关
公开(公告)号：US4431878A
公开(公告)日：1984-02-14
申请号：US386582
申请日：1982-06-09
申请人： Lutz Niemeyer , Klaus Ragaller
发明人： Lutz Niemeyer , Klaus Ragaller
IPC分类号： H01H33/91 , H01H33/70 , H01H33/915 , H01H33/88
CPC分类号： H01H33/7069
摘要： A compression piston switch is provided with two switching parts which are mutually axially displaceable. The switch also has a device which is connected to a first one of the two switching parts for guiding a quenching gas flow. The quenching gas, which is used for quenching a switching arc, flows through first and second constrictions in the device from a compression into an expansion space. The first constriction of the device is provided by an annular part of a conductive material.In this switch, the dielectric strengthening of the quenching zone is increased by preventing, to a large extent, the pushing together of the electric field between the device and the first switching part. Such a switch is particularly distinguished by reliable switching of high voltages in the case of a short circuit.
摘要翻译：压缩活塞开关设置有两个相互轴向移动的开关部件。开关还具有连接到两个开关部分中的第一个以引导淬火气体流的装置。用于熄灭切换电弧的淬火气体从装置中的第一和第二收缩部分压缩成膨胀空间。装置的第一收缩由导电材料的环形部分提供。在该开关中，通过在很大程度上防止将装置与第一开关部之间的电场压在一起，从而提高了淬火区域的电介质强化。在短路的情况下，这种开关特别区别于高电压的可靠切换。

7. 发明授权

US4385261A Method and apparatus for the execution of gas discharge reactions 失效
标题翻译：用于执行气体放电反应的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4385261A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-24
申请号：US174259
申请日：1980-07-31
申请人： Ulrich Kogelschatz , Jiri Mastner , Klaus Ragaller
发明人： Ulrich Kogelschatz , Jiri Mastner , Klaus Ragaller
IPC分类号： C01B13/11 , H05B37/00 , H05B39/00
CPC分类号： C01B13/115
摘要： A method and apparatus for producing gas discharge reactions in which a reaction gas is at least partially oxygenated after being taken through a discharge channel. In order to produce ozone by means of an electric discharge, the discharge channel has applied thereto an electric alternating voltage signal consisting of a sinusoidal potential (U.sub.a) with positive and negative peak values minimally below the firing potential of the discharge channel, and of alternating voltage impulses superimposed on the sinusoidal potential essentially at the respective maximum and minimum values, in order to achieve an exalted potential above the firing potential to enable a discharge reaction. An ozonizer implemented in this way is also disclosed.
摘要翻译：一种用于生产气体放电反应的方法和装置，其中反应气体在通过排放通道被吸入后至少部分地被氧化。为了通过放电产生臭氧，放电通道向其施加了电动交流电压信号，该交流电压信号包括正极和负极峰值（正和负峰值）最低于放电通道的点火电位的正交电位（Ua）电压脉冲基本上以相应的最大和最小值叠加在正弦电位上，以便实现高于触发电位的高电位以实现放电反应。以这种方式实施的臭氧发生器也被公开。

8. 发明授权

US4072838A Electrical power switch with pressurized gas blasting device for lengthening the switching arc 失效
标题翻译：带加压气体爆破装置的电力开关，用于延长开关电弧
公开(公告)号：US4072838A
公开(公告)日：1978-02-07
申请号：US635351
申请日：1975-11-26
申请人： Lutz Niemeyer , Klaus Ragaller
发明人： Lutz Niemeyer , Klaus Ragaller
IPC分类号： H01H33/825 , H01H33/20 , H01H33/72 , H01H33/82 , H01H33/83 , H01H33/835 , H01H33/54
CPC分类号： H01H33/20 , H01H33/83
摘要： An electrical power switch operating with a pressurized gas for actuating the switch contacts and also providing a quenching action in which the arc is lengthened and extinguished includes a container in which the pressurized gas is stored, the outlet from this container being located adjacent the junction area between a plurality of contact fingers in fixed position and a movable contact member that also includes a valve member for closing off the gas outlet from the container when the switch contacts are closed. When the movable contact is released for initiating an opening operation of the contacts, the pressure of the gas stored in the container forces the valve open thus releasing the gas for blasting the arc drawn between the contacts. The gas enters an annular chamber surrounding the junction line of the contacts which includes two half-turn helical travel rails of different radius and opposite winding sense to which the feet of the arc are transferred from the contacts and travel downward and into a group of circumferentially spaced nozzles in which the arc is further lengthened.
摘要翻译：一种用加压气体操作的电力开关，用于致动开关触点，并且还提供淬火作用，其中电弧被延长和熄灭，其中包括容纳加压气体的容器，该容器的出口位于接合区域附近在固定位置的多个接触指状件和可动接触构件之间，所述可动接触构件还包括当所述开关触点闭合时用于关闭所述容器的气体出口的阀构件。当可动触点被释放以启动触点的打开操作时，储存在容器中的气体的压力迫使阀打开，从而释放气体以喷射在触点之间拉伸的电弧。气体进入围绕接触点的连接线的环形室，其包括两个不同半径和相反绕组感测的半匝螺旋行进导轨，弧的脚从接触件转移到其上并向下行进并成一组圆周间隔开的喷嘴，其中电弧进一步加长。

9. 发明授权

US4371765A Electrical switch for large currents 失效
标题翻译：大电流开关
公开(公告)号：US4371765A
公开(公告)日：1983-02-01
申请号：US151874
申请日：1980-05-21
申请人： Klaus Ragaller
发明人： Klaus Ragaller
IPC分类号： H01H33/70 , H01H1/38
CPC分类号： H01H1/385
摘要： An electrical switch for large currents is disclosed in which an electric arc generated during separation of contact members is exposed to blow-out by a magnetic field generated by current flow in a looped-region of one of the contact members. The switch includes at least two rotationally symmetric contact pieces, at least one of which has a plurality of contact elements arranged in an annular configuration in the circumferential direction. The contact elements include a looped-region which generates the magnetic field to which the electric arc is exposed. The contact elements may consist of a plurality of contact fingers accommodated by a contact piece, or may consist of a plurality of contact bars integrally formed with a contact piece. The contact elements, which extend substantially in the make/break direction of the switch, may be spring loaded or may be supported in a spring-loaded fashion.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于大电流的电开关，其中在分离接触构件期间产生的电弧通过在一个接触构件的环形区域中的电流产生的磁场而暴露于吹出。该开关包括至少两个旋转对称的接触片，其中至少一个接触件具有在圆周方向上以环形构造布置的多个接触元件。接触元件包括产生电弧暴露的磁场的环形区域。接触元件可以由接触片容纳的多个接触指状物组成，或者可以由与接触片一体形成的多个接触杆组成。基本上沿着开关的制动/断开方向延伸的接触元件可以是弹簧加载的，或者可以以弹簧加载的方式支撑。

10. 发明授权

US4237356A Electrical compression switch with contact movement assistor 失效
标题翻译：电动压缩开关带触点动作组合器
公开(公告)号：US4237356A
公开(公告)日：1980-12-02
申请号：US787215
申请日：1977-04-13
申请人： Klaus Ragaller
发明人： Klaus Ragaller
IPC分类号： H01H33/90 , H01H33/88
CPC分类号： H01H33/903
摘要： An electrical compression switch operating with a compressed gaseous arc quenching medium comprises a switch chamber containing a pair of disengageable contacts one of which is a pin contact and the other a tubular nozzle contact surrounded by a tubular nozzle made from insulating material engageable with the pin contact and which surrounds the tubular nozzle contact in spaced relation to form a compression chamber. An expansion chamber is secured to the end of the tubular nozzle of insulating material and a differential piston operates within the latter and also within the compression chamber. A switch drive effects movement of the pin contact and differential piston considered as one unit relative to the tubular nozzle contact, the tubular nozzle of insulating material and the quenching medium expansion chamber considered an another unit to effect disengagement of the switch contacts as well as relative movement between the differential piston and tubular nozzle of insulating material in such direction as to decrease the volume of the compression chamber and thereby increase the pressure of the quenching medium at the arc which together with the thermal energy of the arc assists in the switch drive and also assists in arc extinction.
摘要翻译：用压缩气体灭弧介质操作的电压缩开关包括开关室，其包含一对可分离的触点，其中一个是引脚触点，另一个由管状喷嘴围绕的管状喷嘴接头，该管状喷嘴由与引脚触头接合的绝缘材料并且以间隔的关系围绕管状喷嘴接触以形成压缩室。膨胀室被固定到绝缘材料的管状喷嘴的端部，并且差压活塞在后者中以及在压缩室内操作。开关驱动实现了相对于管状喷嘴接触被认为是一个单元的销接触和差动活塞的运动，绝缘材料的管状喷嘴和淬火介质膨胀室被认为是另一个单元，以实现开关触点的脱离以及相对在绝缘材料的差动活塞和管状喷嘴之间的移动方向，以减小压缩室的体积，从而增加淬火介质在电弧处的压力，与电弧的热能一起有助于开关驱动和也有助于灭弧。

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