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1. 发明授权

US10581377B2 Method for detecting arcs, and detection apparatus for arcs, in a photovoltaic system 有权
公开(公告)号：US10581377B2
公开(公告)日：2020-03-03
申请号：US15454189
申请日：2017-03-09
申请人： SMA Solar Technology AG
发明人： Christopher Merz
IPC分类号： G01R31/02 , H02S50/10 , H01L31/02 , H02H7/20 , H02H1/00
摘要： A method and associated device for detecting arcs in a photovoltaic system with an inverter and with a plurality of current collector circuits connected in parallel with the inverter via collector lines, wherein a plurality of strings of photovoltaic modules are connected in parallel with each current collector circuit via string lines. The method includes acquiring measured values of electrical variables and analyzing the measured values of the electrical variables for the presence of signs of an arc in the photovoltaic system using an analysis circuit and generating an arc signal which indicates the presence of an arc if the analyzed measured values meet predefined criteria. The method also includes acquiring measured values of acoustic variables using one or more acoustic sensors, and analyzing the measured values of the acoustic variables for the presence of signs of an arc in the photovoltaic system using the analysis circuit.

2. 发明授权

US11558011B2 Method and device for recognising faults in a photovoltaic (PV) generator 有权
公开(公告)号：US11558011B2
公开(公告)日：2023-01-17
申请号：US15982412
申请日：2018-05-17
申请人： SMA Solar Technology AG
发明人： Gerd Bettenwort , Christopher Merz
IPC分类号： H02J3/38 , H02S50/10 , H02S50/00 , H01L31/02
摘要： A method for detecting a potential-induced degradation (PID) of PV modules of a PV installation includes operating a PV generator at a maximum power point (MPP), at a first generator voltage (U1) and first generator current (I1), and at a second generator voltage (U2) and second generator current (I2), where a first power (P1) at the first generator voltage (U1) is in a predefined first ratio V1=P1/PMPP and V1≤1, with the power (PMPP) at the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV generator, and where a second power (P2) at the second generator voltage (U2) is in a predefined second ratio V2=P2/P1 and V2

3. 发明授权

US09046588B2 Method and system for detecting an arc fault in a photovoltaic power system 有权
标题翻译：用于检测光伏电力系统中的电弧故障的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US09046588B2
公开(公告)日：2015-06-02
申请号：US14105377
申请日：2013-12-13
申请人： SMA Solar Technology AG
发明人： Holger Behrends , Sebastian Bieniek , Thorsten Buelo , Markus Hopf , Gerd Bettenwort , Marcel Kratochvil , Christopher Merz , Oliver Prior
IPC分类号： H02H3/00 , G01R31/40 , H02H1/00 , H01L31/02 , H02S50/10 , H02H7/20
CPC分类号： G01R31/40 , H01L31/02021 , H02H1/0015 , H02H7/20 , H02S50/10 , Y02E10/50
摘要： A method for detecting an arc fault in a photovoltaic power circuit includes operating a photovoltaic generator at a first working point. A first signal related to a DC-current and/or a DC-voltage in the power circuit is determined. The first signal is analyzed and it is determined whether the signal indicates the presence of an electric arc in the power circuit. If so, the photovoltaic generator is operated at a second working point and a second signal related to the DC-current and/or the DC-voltage is determined. The first and second signals are then compared; and the occurrence of an arc fault in the power circuit is selectively signaled based on the comparison.
摘要翻译：一种用于检测光伏电力电路中的电弧故障的方法包括在第一工作点处操作光伏发电机。确定与电源电路中的直流电流和/或直流电压有关的第一信号。对第一信号进行分析，确定信号是否指示电源电路中存在电弧。如果是这样，则光伏发电机在第二工作点运行，并且确定与DC电流和/或DC电压相关的第二信号。然后比较第一和第二信号; 并且基于该比较选择性地发信号通知电力电路中的电弧故障。

4. 发明授权

US09599658B2 Method and apparatus for signaling partial shadowing of a photovoltaic generator 有权
公开(公告)号：US09599658B2
公开(公告)日：2017-03-21
申请号：US14499585
申请日：2014-09-29
申请人： SMA Solar Technology AG
发明人： Christopher Merz , Sebastian Bieniek , Markus Hopf , Felix Eger
IPC分类号： H02S50/10 , G01R31/26 , H01L31/02
CPC分类号： G01R31/2607 , H01L31/02021 , H02S50/10 , Y02E10/50
摘要： The disclosure relates to a method for signaling partial shadowing within a PV generator including at least two partial PV generators connected in parallel. The method includes performing a reference impedance measurement on each of the at least two partial PV generators in a state of uniform irradiation of the PV generator, and determining at least one reference resonant property of each of the at least two partial PV generators from the reference impedance measurement. Furthermore, impedance measurements are carried out on the at least two partial PV generators at a first operating point of the PV generator during operation of the PV generator. Resonant properties of the partial PV generators are determined from the impedance measurements. Partial shadowing within the PV generator is detected and signaled if a difference between the resonant properties of the partial PV generators at the first operating point differs from a difference between the reference resonant properties of the partial PV generators. The disclosure also relates to an apparatus suitable for carrying out the method.

5. 发明申请

US20150015298A1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SIGNALING PARTIAL SHADOWING OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATOR 有权
标题翻译：用于信号发生器的部分遮蔽的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20150015298A1
公开(公告)日：2015-01-15
申请号：US14499585
申请日：2014-09-29
申请人： SMA Solar Technology AG
发明人： Christopher Merz , Sebastian Bieniek , Markus Hopf , Felix Eger
IPC分类号： G01R31/26 , G01R31/40
CPC分类号： G01R31/2607 , H01L31/02021 , H02S50/10 , Y02E10/50
摘要： The disclosure relates to a method for signaling partial shadowing within a PV generator including at least two partial PV generators connected in parallel. The method includes performing a reference impedance measurement on each of the at least two partial PV generators in a state of uniform irradiation of the PV generator, and determining at least one reference resonant property of each of the at least two partial PV generators from the reference impedance measurement. Furthermore, impedance measurements are carried out on the at least two partial PV generators at a first operating point of the PV generator during operation of the PV generator. Resonant properties of the partial PV generators are determined from the impedance measurements. Partial shadowing within the PV generator is detected and signaled if a difference between the resonant properties of the partial PV generators at the first operating point differs from a difference between the reference resonant properties of the partial PV generators. The disclosure also relates to an apparatus suitable for carrying out the method.
摘要翻译：本公开涉及一种用于在PV发电机内发出信号部分遮蔽的方法，该方法包括并联连接的至少两个部分光伏发电机。所述方法包括在所述PV发生器的均匀照射的状态下对所述至少两个部分PV发生器中的每一个执行参考阻抗测量，并且从所述参考值确定所述至少两个部分光伏发电机中的每一个的至少一个参考谐振特性阻抗测量。此外，在PV发电机的操作期间，在PV发电机的第一工作点处对至少两个部分PV发电机进行阻抗测量。部分光伏发电机的谐振特性由阻抗测量确定。如果部分光伏发电机在第一工作点的谐振特性之间的差异与部分光伏发电机的参考谐振特性之间的差异，则检测并发出光伏发电机内的部分阴影。本公开还涉及适于实施该方法的装置。

6. 发明申请

US20140119072A1 Method and System for Detecting an Arc Fault in a Photovoltaic Power System 有权
标题翻译：用于检测光伏电力系统中的电弧故障的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US20140119072A1
公开(公告)日：2014-05-01
申请号：US14105377
申请日：2013-12-13
申请人： SMA Solar Technology AG
发明人： Holger Behrends , Sebastian Bieniek , Thorsten Buelo , Markus Hopf , Gerd Bettenwort , Marcel Kratochvil , Christopher Merz , Oliver Prior
IPC分类号： G01R31/40
CPC分类号： G01R31/40 , H01L31/02021 , H02H1/0015 , H02H7/20 , H02S50/10 , Y02E10/50
摘要： A method for detecting an arc fault in a photovoltaic power circuit includes operating a photovoltaic generator at a first working point. A first signal related to a DC-current and/or a DC-voltage in the power circuit is determined. The first signal is analyzed and it is determined whether the signal indicates the presence of an electric arc in the power circuit. If so, the photovoltaic generator is operated at a second working point and a second signal related to the DC-current and/or the DC-voltage is determined. The first and second signals are then compared; and the occurrence of an arc fault in the power circuit is selectively signaled based on the comparison.
摘要翻译：一种用于检测光伏电力电路中的电弧故障的方法包括在第一工作点处操作光伏发电机。确定与电源电路中的直流电流和/或直流电压有关的第一信号。对第一信号进行分析，确定信号是否指示电源电路中存在电弧。如果是这样，则光伏发电机在第二工作点运行，并且确定与DC电流和/或DC电压有关的第二信号。然后比较第一和第二信号; 并且基于该比较选择性地发信号通知电力电路中的电弧故障。

7. 发明申请

US20180269688A1 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RECOGNISING FAULTS IN A PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) GENERATOR 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：US20180269688A1
公开(公告)日：2018-09-20
申请号：US15982412
申请日：2018-05-17
申请人： SMA Solar Technology AG
发明人： Gerd Bettenwort , Christopher Merz
IPC分类号： H02J3/38 , H01L31/02 , H02S50/10
CPC分类号： H02J3/385 , H01L31/02021 , H02S50/00 , H02S50/10
摘要： A method for detecting a potential-induced degradation (PID) of PV modules of a PV installation, having a measurement pass, includes operating a PV generator of the PV installation at a maximum power point (MPP) with values of generator voltage (UMPP) and generator current (IMPP) associated with the maximum power point (MPP), and operating the PV generator of the PV installation at a first generator voltage (U1) and detection of a first generator current (I1) associated with the first generator voltage (U1). The method also includes operating the PV generator of the PV installation additionally at a second generator voltage (U2) and detection of a second generator current (I2) associated with the second generator voltage (U2), wherein the first generator voltage (U1) dictates that a first power (P1), with P1=U1*I1, of the PV generator at the first generator voltage (U1) is in a predefined first ratio (V1), with V1=P1/PMPP and V1≤1, with the power (PMPP) at the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV generator, and wherein the second generator voltage (U2) dictates that a second power (P2), with P2=U2*I2, of the PV generator at the second generator voltage (U2) is in a predefined second ratio (V2), with V2=P2/P1 and V2

8. 发明申请

US20170179880A1 METHOD FOR DETECTING ARCS, AND DETECTION APPARATUS FOR ARCS, IN A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：US20170179880A1
公开(公告)日：2017-06-22
申请号：US15454189
申请日：2017-03-09
申请人： SMA Solar Technology AG
发明人： Christopher Merz
IPC分类号： H02S50/10 , H02H1/00 , G01R31/02 , H01L31/02
CPC分类号： H02S50/10 , G01R31/025 , H01L31/02021 , H02H1/0015 , H02H1/0023 , H02H7/20 , Y02E10/56
摘要： A method and associated device for detecting arcs in a photovoltaic system with an inverter and with a plurality of current collector circuits connected in parallel with the inverter via collector lines, wherein a plurality of strings of photovoltaic modules are connected in parallel with each current collector circuit via string lines. The method includes acquiring measured values of electrical variables and analyzing the measured values of the electrical variables for the presence of signs of an arc in the photovoltaic system using an analysis circuit and generating an arc signal which indicates the presence of an arc if the analyzed measured values meet predefined criteria. The method also includes acquiring measured values of acoustic variables using one or more acoustic sensors, and analyzing the measured values of the acoustic variables for the presence of signs of an arc in the photovoltaic system using the analysis circuit.

9. 发明授权

US09543088B2 Circuit arrangement for suppressing an arc occurring over a contact gap of a switching member 有权
标题翻译：用于抑制在开关构件的接触间隙上发生的电弧的电路装置
公开(公告)号：US09543088B2
公开(公告)日：2017-01-10
申请号：US14302505
申请日：2014-06-12
申请人： SMA Solar Technology AG
发明人： Christopher Merz , Markus Hopf
IPC分类号： H01H9/54 , H01H9/42 , H01H33/16 , H02M1/32 , H02H3/02 , H02H3/087 , H01H33/59
CPC分类号： H01H9/42 , H01H9/541 , H01H33/161 , H01H33/596 , H01H2033/163 , H02H3/021 , H02H3/087 , H02M1/32
摘要： The disclosure relates to a circuit arrangement for suppressing an arc occurring during a switching process, wherein a current bypass path comprises a PTC resistor connected in series with a fuse. The current bypass path is provided in parallel with a switch. The disclosure also relates to a photovoltaic power plant with a photovoltaic generator which is connected to an inverter via DC lines. In this arrangement, such a circuit arrangement is arranged in at least one of the DC lines.
摘要翻译：本公开涉及一种用于抑制在切换过程中发生的电弧的电路装置，其中电流旁路路径包括与保险丝串联连接的PTC电阻器。当前旁路路径与开关并联提供。本公开还涉及具有通过DC线连接到逆变器的光伏发电机的光伏电站。在这种布置中，这种电路布置被布置在至少一条DC线中。

10. 发明申请

US20140293666A1 CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR SUPPRESSING AN ARC OCCURRING OVER A CONTACT GAP OF A SWITCHING MEMBER 有权
标题翻译：用于抑制在开关构件的接触间隙发生电弧的电路布置
公开(公告)号：US20140293666A1
公开(公告)日：2014-10-02
申请号：US14302505
申请日：2014-06-12
申请人： SMA Solar Technology AG
发明人： Christopher Merz , Markus Hopf
IPC分类号： H01H9/42 , H02M1/32
CPC分类号： H01H9/42 , H01H9/541 , H01H33/161 , H01H33/596 , H01H2033/163 , H02H3/021 , H02H3/087 , H02M1/32
摘要： The disclosure relates to a circuit arrangement for suppressing an arc occurring during a switching process, wherein a current bypass path comprises a PTC resistor connected in series with a fuse. The current bypass path is provided in parallel with a switch. The disclosure also relates to a photovoltaic power plant with a photovoltaic generator which is connected to an inverter via DC lines. In this arrangement, such a circuit arrangement is arranged in at least one of the DC lines.
摘要翻译：本公开涉及一种用于抑制在切换过程中发生的电弧的电路装置，其中电流旁路路径包括与保险丝串联连接的PTC电阻器。当前旁路路径与开关并联提供。本公开还涉及具有通过DC线连接到逆变器的光伏发电机的光伏电站。在这种布置中，这种电路布置被布置在至少一条DC线中。

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