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1. 发明授权

US09396024B2 Online computation of cache occupancy and performance 有权
标题翻译：在线计算缓存占用率和性能
公开(公告)号：US09396024B2
公开(公告)日：2016-07-19
申请号：US12251108
申请日：2008-10-14
申请人： Richard West , Puneet Zaroo , Carl A. Waldspurger , Xiao Zhang , Haoqiang Zheng
发明人： Richard West , Puneet Zaroo , Carl A. Waldspurger , Xiao Zhang , Haoqiang Zheng
IPC分类号： G06F9/46 , G06F13/00 , G06F13/28 , G06F9/50 , G06F12/08 , G06F11/34
CPC分类号： G06F9/50 , G06F9/5005 , G06F9/5011 , G06F9/5016 , G06F9/5022 , G06F9/5027 , G06F9/5033 , G06F9/5044 , G06F9/505 , G06F9/5055 , G06F11/3409 , G06F11/3442 , G06F11/3452 , G06F11/3466 , G06F12/08 , G06F12/0802 , G06F12/0804 , G06F12/0806 , G06F12/0815 , G06F12/084 , G06F2201/88
摘要： Methods, computer programs, and systems for managing thread performance in a computing environment based on cache occupancy are provided. In one embodiment, a computer implemented method assigns a thread performance counter to threads being created to measure the number of cache misses for the threads. The thread performance counter is deduced in one embodiment based on performance counters associated with each core in a processor. The method further calculates a self-thread value as the change in the thread performance counter of a given thread during a predetermined period, and an other-thread value as the sum of all the changes in the thread performance counters for all threads except for the given thread. Further, the method estimates a cache occupancy for the given thread based on a previous occupancy for the given thread, and the calculated shelf-thread and other-thread values. The estimated cache occupancy is used to assign computing environment resources to the given thread. In another embodiment, cache miss-rate curves are constructed for a thread to help analyze performance tradeoffs when changing cache allocations of the threads in the system.
摘要翻译：提供了基于缓存占用的用于在计算环境中管理线程性能的方法，计算机程序和系统。在一个实施例中，计算机实现的方法为正在创建的线程分配线程性能计数器以测量线程的高速缓存未命中的数量。基于与处理器中的每个核心相关联的性能计数器，在一个实施例中推导出线程性能计数器。该方法进一步计算自线程值作为在预定时段期间给定线程的线程性能计数器的变化，而另一线程值作为所有线程的线程性能计数器的所有变化之和除外给线程此外，该方法基于给定线程的先前占用以及所计算的架线和其他线程值来估计给定线程的高速缓存占用。估计的高速缓存占用率用于将计算环境资源分配给给定的线程。在另一个实施例中，为线程构建高速缓存未命中率曲线，以帮助在改变系统中的线程的高速缓存分配时分析性能权衡。

2. 发明授权

US08856784B2 Decentralized management of virtualized hosts 有权
公开(公告)号：US08856784B2
公开(公告)日：2014-10-07
申请号：US13159935
申请日：2011-06-14
申请人： Ajay Gulati , Irfan Ahmad , Ganesha Shanmuganathan , Carl A. Waldspurger
发明人： Ajay Gulati , Irfan Ahmad , Ganesha Shanmuganathan , Carl A. Waldspurger
IPC分类号： G06F9/455 , G06F9/50 , H04L29/08 , G06F11/34
CPC分类号： G06F9/45533 , G06F9/5088 , G06F11/3433 , G06F2201/815 , H04L67/1008
摘要： One or more embodiments of the present invention provide a technique for effectively managing virtualized computing systems with an unlimited number of hardware resources. Host systems included in a virtualized computer system are organized into a scalable, peer-to-peer (P2P) network in which host systems arrange themselves into a network overlay to communicate with one another. The network overlay enables the host systems to perform a variety of operations, which include dividing computing resources of the host systems among a plurality of virtual machines (VMs), load balancing VMs across the host systems, and performing an initial placement of a VM in one of the host systems.

3. 发明授权

US08819676B2 Transparent memory-mapped emulation of I/O calls 有权
标题翻译： I / O调用的透明内存映射仿真
公开(公告)号：US08819676B2
公开(公告)日：2014-08-26
申请号：US12261722
申请日：2008-10-30
申请人： Daniel R. K. Ports , Xiaoxin Chen , Carl A. Waldspurger , Pratap Subrahmanyam , Tal Garfinkel
发明人： Daniel R. K. Ports , Xiaoxin Chen , Carl A. Waldspurger , Pratap Subrahmanyam , Tal Garfinkel
IPC分类号： G06F9/455
CPC分类号： G06F9/461 , G06F9/4486 , G06F9/45533 , G06F9/45558 , G06F9/4881 , G06F11/1451 , G06F11/1484 , G06F2009/45562 , G06F2009/45583 , G06F2201/815 , G06F2201/84
摘要： A virtual-machine-based system provides a mechanism to implement application file I/O operations of protected data by implementing the I/O operations semantics in a shim layer with memory-mapped regions. The semantics of these I/O operations are emulated in a shim layer with memory-mapped regions by using a mapping between a process' address space and a file or shared memory object. Data that is protected from viewing by a guest OS running in a virtual machine may nonetheless be accessed by the process.
摘要翻译：基于虚拟机的系统提供了通过在具有存储器映射区域的垫片层中实现I / O操作语义来实现受保护数据的应用文件I / O操作的机制。这些I / O操作的语义通过使用进程的地址空间和文件或共享内存对象之间的映射在具有内存映射区域的填充层中进行仿真。受虚拟机运行的客户机操作系统保护的数据可能会被进程访问。

4. 发明授权

US08307192B2 System and method for improving memory locality of virtual machines 有权
标题翻译：提高虚拟机内存局部性的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US08307192B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-06
申请号：US13271024
申请日：2011-10-11
申请人： Vivek Pandey , Ole Agesen , Alexander Thomas Garthwaite , Carl A. Waldspurger , Rajesh Venkatasubramanian
发明人： Vivek Pandey , Ole Agesen , Alexander Thomas Garthwaite , Carl A. Waldspurger , Rajesh Venkatasubramanian
IPC分类号： G06F9/26 , G06F9/34 , G06F13/00 , G06F13/28 , G06F9/46 , G06F15/16
CPC分类号： G06F9/5033 , G06F9/45558 , G06F9/4856 , G06F2009/4557
摘要： A system and related method of operation for migrating the memory of a virtual machine from one NUMA node to another. Once the VM is migrated to a new node, migration of memory pages is performed while giving priority to the most utilized pages, so that access to these pages becomes local as soon as possible. Various heuristics are described to enable different implementations for different situations or scenarios.
摘要翻译：将虚拟机的存储器从一个NUMA节点迁移到另一个NUMA节点的系统和相关操作方法。一旦将VM迁移到新节点，就会在优先使用最多的页面的同时执行内存页面的迁移，以便尽快访问这些页面。描述了各种启发式方法，以实现不同情况或场景的不同实现。

5. 发明申请

US20120233363A1 QUALITY OF SERVICE MANAGEMENT 有权
标题翻译：服务质量管理
公开(公告)号：US20120233363A1
公开(公告)日：2012-09-13
申请号：US13407236
申请日：2012-02-28
申请人： Ajay GULATI , Irfan AHMAD , Carl A. WALDSPURGER
发明人： Ajay GULATI , Irfan AHMAD , Carl A. WALDSPURGER
IPC分类号： G06F5/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/52
摘要： A method for measuring latencies caused by processing performed within a common resource is provided. A current latency value representing a time of residency of an IO request in a queue prior to receipt of acknowledgment from the common resource of completion of the IO request is received from a device comprising the queue, which maintains entries for IO requests that have been dispatched to and are pending at the common resource. An average latency value is calculated based in part on the current latency value. An adjusted capacity size for the queue is calculated based in part on the average latency value and the queue's capacity is set to the adjusted capacity size. IO requests are held in a buffer if the queue's capacity is full to reduce the effect of an amount of work transmitted to the common resource on current latency values provided by the device.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于测量在公共资源内执行的处理引起的延迟的方法。从包括队列的设备接收来自公共IO请求完成的公共资源的确认之前，表示代表在队列中的IO请求的驻留时间的当前等待时间值，其维护已经被分派的IO请求的条目到共同的资源和正在等待。部分基于当前延迟值计算平均延迟值。基于平均延迟值部分地计算队列的调整容量大小，并且将队列的容量设置为调整的容量大小。如果队列的容量已满，IO请求将保留在缓冲区中，以减少传输到公共资源的工作量对设备提供的当前延迟值的影响。

6. 发明授权

US08266404B2 Generating and using checkpoints in a virtual computer system 有权
标题翻译：在虚拟计算机系统中生成和使用检查点
公开(公告)号：US08266404B2
公开(公告)日：2012-09-11
申请号：US13171268
申请日：2011-06-28
申请人： Carl A. Waldspurger , Michael Nelson , Daniel J. Scales , Pratap Subrahmanyam
发明人： Carl A. Waldspurger , Michael Nelson , Daniel J. Scales , Pratap Subrahmanyam
IPC分类号： G06F12/02
CPC分类号： G06F11/1407 , G06F11/1435 , G06F11/1438 , G06F11/1458 , G06F11/1471 , G06F11/1482 , G06F11/1484 , G06F12/16 , G06F2201/815 , G06F2201/84
摘要： To generate a checkpoint for a virtual machine (VM), first, while the VM is still running, a copy-on-write (COW) disk file is created pointing to a parent disk file that the VM is using. Next, the VM is stopped, the VM's memory is marked COW, the device state of the VM is saved to memory, the VM is switched to use the COW disk file, and the VM begins running again for substantially the remainder of the checkpoint generation. Next, the device state that was stored in memory and the unmodified VM memory pages are saved to a checkpoint file. Also, a copy may be made of the parent disk file for retention as part of the checkpoint, or the original parent disk file may be retained as part of the checkpoint. If a copy of the parent disk file was made, then the COW disk file may be committed to the original parent disk file.
摘要翻译：要为虚拟机（VM）生成检查点，首先，当VM仍在运行时，会创建指向VM所使用的父磁盘文件的写时复制（COW）磁盘文件。接下来，VM停止，VM的内存被标记为COW，VM的设备状态被保存到内存，VM被切换为使用COW磁盘文件，并且VM再次开始运行，大部分剩下的检查点生成。接下来，将存储在存储器中的设备状态和未修改的VM内存页保存到检查点文件。另外，作为检查点的一部分，可以将父磁盘文件作为副本作为保留，也可以将原始的父磁盘文件作为检查点的一部分进行保留。如果生成了父磁盘文件的副本，则COW磁盘文件可能会提交到原始的父磁盘文件。

7. 发明申请

US20120110577A1 CONTROLLING MEMORY CONDITIONS IN A VIRTUAL MACHINE 有权
标题翻译：控制虚拟机中的记忆条件
公开(公告)号：US20120110577A1
公开(公告)日：2012-05-03
申请号：US13346433
申请日：2012-01-09
申请人： Xiaoxin CHEN , Carl A. WALDSPURGER , Anil RAO
发明人： Xiaoxin CHEN , Carl A. WALDSPURGER , Anil RAO
IPC分类号： G06F9/455
CPC分类号： G06F9/45545 , G06F9/45533 , G06F9/45558 , G06F9/5016 , G06F9/5077 , G06F12/023 , G06F12/08 , G06F12/109 , G06F2009/45583 , G06F2209/508 , G06F2212/151
摘要： A method of managing host physical memory using a balloon application executing within a guest virtual machine (GVM) running on a host platform is described. The balloon application receives allocation parameters from an entity outside the GVM, the allocation parameters identifying an amount of memory for the balloon application to allocate. The balloon application adjusts the allocated amount of memory according to the allocated amount. Physical memory backing up the allocated memory can then be assigned by virtualization software for use by another virtual machine running on the host platform.
摘要翻译：描述使用在主机平台上运行的来宾虚拟机（GVM）内执行的气球应用来管理主机物理存储器的方法。气球应用程序从GVM外部的实体接收分配参数，分配参数标识气球应用程序分配的内存量。气球应用程序根据分配的数量调整分配的内存量。备份分配的内存的物理内存可以由虚拟化软件分配，供主机平台上运行的另一个虚拟机使用。

8. 发明授权

US08171140B2 Resource allocation in computers 有权
标题翻译：电脑资源分配
公开(公告)号：US08171140B2
公开(公告)日：2012-05-01
申请号：US12027853
申请日：2008-02-07
申请人： Carl A. Waldspurger
发明人： Carl A. Waldspurger
IPC分类号： G06F15/173
CPC分类号： G06F3/0631 , G06F3/0604 , G06F3/0653 , G06F3/0683 , G06F9/4881 , G06F9/5016 , H04L41/5054 , H04L43/04 , H04L43/08 , H04L47/76
摘要： A method and tangible medium embodying code for allocating resource units of an allocatable resource among a plurality of clients in a computer is described. In the method, resource units are initially distributed among the clients by assigning to each of the clients a nominal share of the allocatable resource. For each client, a current allocation of resource units is determined. A metric is evaluated for each client, the metric being a function both of the nominal share and a usage-based factor, the usage-based factor being a function of a measure of resource units that the client is actively using and a measure of resource units that the client is not actively using. A resource unit can be reclaimed from a client when the metric for that client meets a predetermined criterion.
摘要翻译：描述了一种体现用于在计算机中的多个客户端中分配可分配资源的资源单元的代码的方法和有形介质。在该方法中，通过向每个客户端分配可分配资源的标称份额，资源单元最初分布在客户端之间。对于每个客户端，确定资源单元的当前分配。针对每个客户端评估度量，度量是名义份额和基于使用的因素的函数，基于使用的因素是客户端正在使用的资源单位的度量的度量和资源的度量客户端没有积极使用的单位。当客户端的度量符合预定标准时，可以从客户端回收资源单元。

9. 发明授权

US08060877B1 Undefeatable transformation for virtual machine I/O operations 有权
标题翻译：虚拟机I / O操作的不可逆转换
公开(公告)号：US08060877B1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-15
申请号：US11841622
申请日：2007-08-20
申请人： Carl A. Waldspurger , Edouard Bugnion
发明人： Carl A. Waldspurger , Edouard Bugnion
IPC分类号： G06F9/455 , G06F21/00 , G06F11/30 , G06F17/00
CPC分类号： G06F9/545 , G06F9/45558 , G06F2009/45579
摘要： I/O operations between a virtual machine (VM) and a device external to the VM are monitored by a virtual machine monitor (VMM). Data passing between the VM and the external device is transformed by the VMM, in some cases only when a predetermined filtering or triggering condition is met. Because the VMM, and thus the transformation operation, is transparent to the VM, the transformation cannot be prevented or undone or even affected by any action by a user of the VM. Examples of the non-defeatable transformation of I/O data include generating display overlays such as banners, masking out portions of a display, encryption, compression and network shaping such as bandwidth limiting.
摘要翻译：虚拟机（VM）与VM外部的设备之间的I / O操作由虚拟机监视器（VMM）监视。虚拟机和外部设备之间的数据通过VMM进行转换，在某些情况下，只有当满足预定的过滤或触发条件时才会进行。因为VMM，因此转换操作对于VM是透明的，所以转换不能被VM的用户的任何动作阻止或撤消甚至影响。 I / O数据的不可逆转换的示例包括生成诸如横幅的显示覆盖，屏蔽显示的部分，加密，压缩和诸如带宽限制的网络整形。

10. 发明申请

US20090025006A1 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING RESOURCE REVOCATION IN A MULTI-GUEST COMPUTER SYSTEM 有权
标题翻译：用于控制多用户计算机系统中的资源恢复的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20090025006A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-22
申请号：US12236081
申请日：2008-09-23
申请人： Carl A. WALDSPURGER
发明人： Carl A. WALDSPURGER
IPC分类号： G06F9/50
CPC分类号： G06F9/5016 , G06F8/4434 , G06F9/5011 , G06F9/5077 , G06F12/023 , G06F12/0284 , G06F2009/45583 , G06F2209/5014 , G06F2212/1044 , H04L29/06 , H04L29/08144
摘要： At least one guest system, for example, a virtual machine, is connected to a host system, which includes a system resource such as system machine memory. Each guest system includes a guest operating system (OS). A resource requesting mechanism, preferably a driver, is installed within each guest OS and communicates with a resource scheduler included within the host system. If the host system needs any one the guest systems to relinquish some of the system resource it currently is allocated, then the resource scheduler instructs the driver within that guest system's OS to reserve more of the resource, using the guest OS's own, native resource allocation mechanisms. The driver thus frees this resource for use by the host, since the driver does not itself actually need the requested amount of the resource. The driver in each guest OS thus acts as a hollow “balloon” to “inflate” or “deflate,” that is, reserve more or less of the system resource via the corresponding guest OS. The resource scheduler, however, remains transparent to the guest systems.
摘要翻译：至少一个客户系统（例如，虚拟机）被连接到主机系统，其包括诸如系统机器存储器的系统资源。每个客系统包括客户操作系统（OS）。资源请求机制，优选地是驱动程序，安装在每个客户操作系统内，并与主机系统内的资源调度器进行通信。如果主机系统需要任何一个客户机系统来放弃目前分配的一些系统资源，则资源调度器使用客户操作系统自己的本地资源分配来指示该客户机系统的操作系统内的驱动程序预留更多的资源机制因此，驱动程序可以释放此资源供主机使用，因为驱动程序本身实际上不需要所请求的资源量。因此，每个客户操作系统中的驾驶员充当一个空洞的“气球”来“膨胀”或“放气”，即通过相应的客户操作系统保留或多或少的系统资源。然而，资源调度程序对于guest虚拟机系统来说仍然是透明的。

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