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1. 发明授权

US5438554A Tunable acoustic resonator for clinical ultrasonic transducers 失效
标题翻译：用于临床超声波换能器的可调谐声谐振器
公开(公告)号：US5438554A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-01
申请号：US203216
申请日：1994-02-28
申请人： Mir S. Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael Greenstein , Turuvekere R. Gururaja , Henry Yoshida
发明人： Mir S. Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael Greenstein , Turuvekere R. Gururaja , Henry Yoshida
IPC分类号： A61B8/14 , B06B1/06 , G01N29/24 , G10K11/02 , H04R17/00
CPC分类号： G10K11/02 , B06B1/0622
摘要： A tunable ultrasonic probe includes a body of a first piezoelectric material acoustically coupled in series with a body of a second piezoelectric material. The second piezoelectric material has a Curie temperature that is substantially different than that of the first piezoelectric material. Preferably, the first piezoelectric material is a conventional piezoelectric ceramic, such as lead zirconate titanate, while the second piezoelectric material is a relaxor ferroelectric ceramic, such as lead magnesium niobate. At an operating temperature of the probe, the first piezoelectric material has a fixed polarization. In contrast, the second piezoelectric material has a polarization that is variable relative to the fixed polarization of the first piezoelectric material. A preferred novel arrangement of electrodes electrically couples the bodies in parallel with one another. An oscillating voltage for exciting the acoustic signals in the probe is coupled with the electrodes. The polarization of the second piezoelectric material is variably controlled by a bias voltage coupled with the electrodes. In a preferred embodiment, the bias voltage has a reversible electrical polarity for selecting one resonant frequency from a plurality of resonant frequencies of the probe. In another preferred embodiment, the bias voltage source has a variable voltage level for selecting at least one of a plurality of resonant frequencies of the probe.
摘要翻译：可调谐超声波探头包括与第二压电材料的主体串联耦合的第一压电材料的主体。第二压电材料具有与第一压电材料基本不同的居里温度。优选地，第一压电材料是诸如锆钛酸铅的常规压电陶瓷，而第二压电材料是诸如铌酸铅镁之类的弛豫铁电陶瓷。在探针的工作温度下，第一压电材料具有固定的极化。相反，第二压电材料具有相对于第一压电材料的固定极化可变的极化。电极的优选新颖布置使得主体彼此平行地电耦合。用于激发探针中的声信号的振荡电压与电极耦合。第二压电材料的极化可通过与电极耦合的偏置电压来可变地控制。在优选实施例中，偏置电压具有可逆的电极性，用于从探头的多个谐振频率中选择一个谐振频率。在另一个优选实施例中，偏置电压源具有用于选择探头的多个谐振频率中的至少一个的可变电压电平。

2. 发明授权

US5638822A Hybrid piezoelectric for ultrasonic probes 失效
标题翻译：超声波探头混合压电
公开(公告)号：US5638822A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-17
申请号：US497238
申请日：1995-06-30
申请人： Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael Greenstein , Douglas Harriott , Turuvekere R. Gururaja
发明人： Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael Greenstein , Douglas Harriott , Turuvekere R. Gururaja
IPC分类号： B06B1/06 , G10K11/02 , A61B8/00
CPC分类号： G10K11/02 , B06B1/0607 , B06B1/067
摘要： An ultrasonic probe for coupling acoustic signals between the probe and a medium is provided. The ultrasonic probe has a piezoelectric element having a plurality of piezoelectric layers each having a different acoustic impedance. The piezoelectric layers are stacked in progressive order of acoustic impedance such that the layer with the acoustic impedance nearest to that of the medium is proximate the medium. At least one of said piezoelectric layers is made of piezoelectric composite material. The ultrasonic probe further has an electrode means for electrically coupling the piezoelectric layers to a voltage source for applying an oscillation voltage potential to each piezoelectric layer. The probe further has a control means for controlling the polarization of at least one of the piezoelectric layers.
摘要翻译：提供用于耦合探针和介质之间的声信号的超声波探头。超声波探头具有压电元件，该压电元件具有各自具有不同声阻抗的多个压电层。压电层以声阻抗的渐进顺序堆叠，使得具有最接近介质的声阻抗的层接近介质。所述压电层中的至少一个由压电复合材料制成。超声波探头还具有用于将压电层电耦合到电压源的电极装置，用于向每个压电层施加振荡电压电位。探头还具有用于控制至少一个压电层的极化的控制装置。

3. 发明授权

US5585546A Apparatus and methods for controlling sensitivity of transducers 失效
标题翻译：用于控制传感器灵敏度的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5585546A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-17
申请号：US332287
申请日：1994-10-31
申请人： Turuvekere R. Gururaja , Darwin P. Adams , Benjamin M. Herrick , David M. Prater
发明人： Turuvekere R. Gururaja , Darwin P. Adams , Benjamin M. Herrick , David M. Prater
IPC分类号： A61B8/00 , B06B1/02 , G01H3/00 , G01S7/52 , G01S7/524 , H04R17/00 , H04R17/08 , G01N29/22
CPC分类号： G01S7/52023 , B06B1/0207 , G01H3/005 , G01S7/52019 , G01S7/5205 , B06B2201/20 , H04R17/08
摘要： Apparatus and methods for controlling electrostrictive transducer sensitivity in a pulse-echo medical ultrasound system. Certain characteristics of each transducer element are tested after manufacture and recorded on a storage medium. The stored data is then used, along with certain model relations, for monitoring certain operational parameters of the transducer during use, and feedback compensation applied for maintaining the transducer sensitivity substantailly constant. The parameters to be monitored may include the temperature, acoustic pressure, input power, and a figure of merit determined from the dielectric constant and coupling coefficient.
摘要翻译：用于在脉冲回波医疗超声系统中控制电致伸缩传感器灵敏度的装置和方法。每个换能器元件的某些特性在制造后测试并记录在存储介质上。然后使用存储的数据以及某些模型关系来监测在使用期间传感器的某些操作参数，并且用于维持传感器灵敏度的反馈补偿基本上恒定。待监测的参数可以包括从介电常数和耦合系数确定的温度，声压，输入功率和品质因数。

4. 发明授权

US5684243A Methods for controlling sensitivity of electrostrictive transducers 失效
标题翻译：控制电致伸缩传感器灵敏度的方法
公开(公告)号：US5684243A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-04
申请号：US712015
申请日：1996-09-11
申请人： Turuvekere R. Gururaja , Darwin P. Adams , Benjamin M. Herrick , David M. Prater
发明人： Turuvekere R. Gururaja , Darwin P. Adams , Benjamin M. Herrick , David M. Prater
IPC分类号： A61B8/00 , B06B1/02 , G01H3/00 , G01S7/52 , G01S7/524 , H04R17/00 , H04R17/08 , G01N29/22
CPC分类号： G01S7/52023 , B06B1/0207 , G01H3/005 , G01S7/52019 , G01S7/5205 , B06B2201/20 , H04R17/08
摘要： Apparatus and methods for controlling electrostrictive transducer sensitivity in a pulse-echo medical ultrasound system. Certain characteristics of each transducer element are tested after manufacture and recorded on a storage medium. The stored data is then used, along with certain model relations, for monitoring certain operational parameters of the transducer during use, and feedback compensation applied for maintaining the transducer sensitivity substantially constant. The parameters to be monitored may include the temperature, acoustic pressure, input power, and a figure of merit determined from the dielectric constant and coupling coefficient.
摘要翻译：用于在脉冲回波医疗超声系统中控制电致伸缩传感器灵敏度的装置和方法。每个换能器元件的某些特性在制造后测试并记录在存储介质上。然后，存储的数据连同某些模型关系一起用于在使用期间监测换能器的某些操作参数，以及用于维持换能器灵敏度基本恒定的反馈补偿。待监测的参数可以包括从介电常数和耦合系数确定的温度，声压，输入功率和品质因数。

5. 发明授权

US5410205A Ultrasonic transducer having two or more resonance frequencies 失效
标题翻译：具有两个或更多个共振频率的超声换能器
公开(公告)号：US5410205A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-25
申请号：US16373
申请日：1993-02-11
申请人： Turuvekere R. Gururaja
发明人： Turuvekere R. Gururaja
IPC分类号： A61B8/00 , B06B1/06 , H01L41/08 , H04R17/00 , H04R17/08 , H04R17/10
CPC分类号： B06B1/064 , B06B1/0614 , H04R17/08
摘要： A transducer for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic energy at more than one frequency includes first and second electrostrictive layers mechanically coupled together such that ultrasonic vibrations in one layer are coupled into the other layer. The first electrostrictive layer is laminated between upper and middle electrical contact layers, and the second electrostrictive layer is laminated between middle and lower electrical contact layers. A bias voltage arrangement selectively produces within the first and second electrostrictive layers electric fields oriented in opposite directions or electric fields oriented in the same direction. When the electric fields are oriented in opposite directions, the transducer has a first resonance frequency. When the electric fields are oriented in the same direction, the transducer has a second resonance frequency. By selecting the number of electrostrictive layers in a transducer and by selecting the thicknesses of different layers, a transducer having two or more different desired resonance frequencies may be produced.
摘要翻译：用于在多于一个频率上发射和接收超声波能量的换能器包括机械耦合在一起的第一和第二电致伸缩层，使得一层中的超声波振动耦合到另一层中。第一电致伸缩层层压在中间和中间电接触层之间，并且第二电致伸缩层层压在中间和下部电接触层之间。偏置电压布置在第一和第二电致伸缩层内选择性地产生沿相反方向取向的电场或以相同方向取向的电场。当电场以相反方向取向时，换能器具有第一共振频率。当电场沿相同的方向取向时，换能器具有第二共振频率。通过选择换能器中的电致伸缩层的数量并通过选择不同层的厚度，可以产生具有两个或更多个不同期望共振频率的换能器。

6. 发明授权

US5345139A Electrostrictive ultrasonic probe having expanded operating temperature range 失效
标题翻译：具有扩大工作温度范围的电致伸缩超声波探头
公开(公告)号：US5345139A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-06
申请号：US113450
申请日：1993-08-27
申请人： Turuvekere R. Gururaja , Joseph Fielding , Thomas R. Shrout , Sei-Joo Jang
发明人： Turuvekere R. Gururaja , Joseph Fielding , Thomas R. Shrout , Sei-Joo Jang
IPC分类号： G01N29/24 , A61B8/00 , B06B1/06 , H01L41/09 , H01L41/187 , H04R17/00 , H04R17/08 , H01L41/87 , C04B35/46
CPC分类号： H01L41/187 , B06B1/06 , H04R17/08
摘要： An ultrasonic electrostrictive transducer for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic energy and having an expanded operating temperature range, preferably about room temperature. The transducers may be made from PMN-PT solid solutions having select mole percentages of PT and being doped with La, whereby the operating temperature range about a given operating temperature may be effectively doubled.
摘要翻译：一种超声波电致伸缩传感器，用于传送和接收超声波能量，并具有扩大的工作温度范围，优选约室温。传感器可以由具有选定摩尔百分比的PT并掺杂有La的PMN-PT固溶体制成，从而可以有效地加倍在给定工作温度下的工作温度范围。

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