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1. 发明授权

US08443330B2 Methods and systems for measuring and reducing clock skew using a clock distribution network 有权
标题翻译：使用时钟分配网络测量和减少时钟偏移的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US08443330B2
公开(公告)日：2013-05-14
申请号：US12511607
申请日：2009-07-29
申请人： Bharadwaj Amrutur , Pratap Kumar Das
发明人： Bharadwaj Amrutur , Pratap Kumar Das
IPC分类号： G06F17/50
CPC分类号： G01R31/31725 , G01R31/3016 , G06F1/10
摘要： A technique for a delay measurement system to measure the skews in a clock distribution network is presented. It uses the principle of sub-sampling to measure and amplify small clock skews and determine an estimate of clock skew by further manipulation if these sampled measurements. The technique can be applied to measure clock skew on a computer chip, between bit-line of a communication bus, or between elements connected by an electronic or optical interconnect.
摘要翻译：提出了一种用于测量时钟分配网络中的偏差的延迟测量系统的技术。它采用子采样的原理来测量和放大小时钟偏差，并通过进一步的操作确定时钟偏移的估计，如果这些采样测量。该技术可以用于测量计算机芯片上的时钟偏移，通信总线的位线之间或通过电子或光学互连连接的元件之间。

2. 发明申请

US20110096875A1 Adaptive Digital Baseband Receiver 有权
标题翻译：自适应数字基带接收机
公开(公告)号：US20110096875A1
公开(公告)日：2011-04-28
申请号：US12645695
申请日：2009-12-23
申请人： Bharadwaj Amrutur , Satyam Dwivedi , Navakanta Bhat
发明人： Bharadwaj Amrutur , Satyam Dwivedi , Navakanta Bhat
IPC分类号： H04L27/06 , H04B1/10
CPC分类号： H04B1/1027
摘要： An adaptive digital baseband receiver is described in which operating parameters of the receiver, such as bit-widths and operating frequencies, are determined that achieve a target bit-error-ratio (BER) as a function of received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and interference levels in a wireless channel and enable the receiver to consume a minimum amount of power. Over consumption of power may be avoided due to a functional relationship between optimal resolution and input signal conditions. In exemplary embodiments, the adaptive digital receiver is provided that adjusts bit-widths and operating frequency at power efficient levels while meeting a target BER. Simulations can be used to determine a relation between bit-width, operating frequency, and input signal conditions, for example.
摘要翻译：描述了一种自适应数字基带接收机，其中确定接收机的操作参数，例如比特宽度和操作频率，其实现作为接收信噪比的函数的目标比特误差比（BER） SNR）和无线信道中的干扰电平，并使得接收机能够消耗最小量的功率。由于最佳分辨率和输入信号条件之间的功能关系，可能会避免过度消耗功率。在示例性实施例中，提供了自适应数字接收机，其在满足目标BER的情况下以功率有效等级调整位宽和操作频率。例如，可以使用模拟来确定位宽度，工作频率和输入信号条件之间的关系。

3. 发明申请

US20070168835A1 Serial communications system and method 审中-公开
标题翻译：串口通讯系统及方法
公开(公告)号：US20070168835A1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-19
申请号：US11714332
申请日：2007-03-06
申请人： Bharadwaj Amrutur , Richard Walker
发明人： Bharadwaj Amrutur , Richard Walker
IPC分类号： H03M13/00
CPC分类号： H04L25/03866 , H04J3/06 , H04L1/004 , H04L1/0057 , H04L7/048
摘要： A communications system and method are disclosed. A transmitter includes a scrambler for scrambling original data, an ECC encoder for converting scrambled data into ECC data, and a serializer for converting the ECC data into a serial stream. A receiver includes a frame recoverer for converting the serial data into frame data, an ECC decoder from converting the frame data into ECC data and error indications, and a descrambler for restoring the original data. By using the results of the ECC decoding to convert the serial data into frame data, line decoding is unnecessary, thereby reducing channel usage.
摘要翻译：公开了一种通信系统和方法。发射机包括用于加扰原始数据的加扰器，用于将加扰数据转换为ECC数据的ECC编码器，以及用于将ECC数据转换为串行流的串行器。接收机包括用于将串行数据转换为帧数据的帧恢复器，将ECC数据转换为ECC数据和错误指示的ECC解码器，以及用于恢复原始数据的解扰器。通过使用ECC解码的结果将串行数据转换成帧数据，不需要线解码，从而减少信道使用。

4. 发明授权

US08737547B2 Adaptive digital baseband receiver 有权
标题翻译：自适应数字基带接收机
公开(公告)号：US08737547B2
公开(公告)日：2014-05-27
申请号：US12645695
申请日：2009-12-23
申请人： Bharadwaj Amrutur , Satyam Dwivedi , Navakanta Bhat
发明人： Bharadwaj Amrutur , Satyam Dwivedi , Navakanta Bhat
IPC分类号： H04B1/00
CPC分类号： H04B1/1027
摘要： An adaptive digital baseband receiver is described in which operating parameters of the receiver, such as bit-widths and operating frequencies, are determined that achieve a target bit-error-ratio (BER) as a function of received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and interference levels in a wireless channel and enable the receiver to consume a minimum amount of power. Over consumption of power may be avoided due to a functional relationship between optimal resolution and input signal conditions. In exemplary embodiments, the adaptive digital receiver is provided that adjusts bit-widths and operating frequency at power efficient levels while meeting a target BER. Simulations can be used to determine a relation between bit-width, operating frequency, and input signal conditions, for example.
摘要翻译：描述了一种自适应数字基带接收机，其中确定接收机的操作参数，例如比特宽度和操作频率，其实现作为接收信噪比的函数的目标比特误差比（BER） SNR）和无线信道中的干扰电平，并使得接收机能够消耗最小量的功率。由于最佳分辨率和输入信号条件之间的功能关系，可能会避免过度消耗功率。在示例性实施例中，提供了自适应数字接收机，其在满足目标BER的情况下以功率有效等级调整位宽和操作频率。例如，可以使用模拟来确定位宽度，工作频率和输入信号条件之间的关系。

5. 发明授权

US08224604B1 Gate delay measurement circuit and method of determining a delay of a logic gate 有权
标题翻译：门延迟测量电路和确定逻辑门延迟的方法
公开(公告)号：US08224604B1
公开(公告)日：2012-07-17
申请号：US12539372
申请日：2009-08-11
申请人： Bharadwaj Amrutur , Bishnu Prasad Das
发明人： Bharadwaj Amrutur , Bishnu Prasad Das
IPC分类号： G01R29/00 , G06F11/26
CPC分类号： G01R31/3016
摘要： A system and method to measure a delay of an individual logic gate in an unmodified form on a chip using a digitally reconfigurable ring oscillator (RO) that is on the chip is provided. A system of linear equations is established for different configuration settings of the ring oscillator and solved to determine a delay of an individual gate.
摘要翻译：提供了一种使用芯片上的数字可重构环路振荡器（RO）来测量芯片上未修改形式的单个逻辑门的延迟的系统和方法。针对环形振荡器的不同配置设置建立线性方程组，并求解确定单个门的延迟。

6. 发明授权

US06718491B1 Coding method and coder for coding packetized serial data with low overhead 有权
标题翻译：用于以低开销编码分组串行数据的编码方法和编码器
公开(公告)号：US06718491B1
公开(公告)日：2004-04-06
申请号：US09522782
申请日：2000-03-06
申请人： Richard C. Walker , Bharadwaj Amrutur , Richard W. Dugan
发明人： Richard C. Walker , Bharadwaj Amrutur , Richard W. Dugan
IPC分类号： H03M1347
CPC分类号： H04L7/041 , H04J2203/0085
摘要： Blocks of input data that include control words and a packet of information words are received. The packet has a start preceded by ones of the control words and an end followed by others of the control words. The blocks are smaller than the packet. A determination of whether the block consists exclusively of information words is made. When the block consists exclusively of information words, a master transition having a first sense is appended to the block to form a frame. When the block does not consist exclusively of information words, the block is condensed to accommodate a TYPE word, the TYPE word is generated and inserted into the block and a master transition is appended to the block to form the frame. The TYPE word has a value that indicates one of the following structural properties of the block: (a) the position of the start of the packet in the block, (b) the position of the end of the packet in the block, and (c) the block being composed exclusively of control words. The master transition appended to the block when the block does not consist exclusively of information words has a second sense, opposite to the first sense.
摘要翻译：接收包含控制字和信息包分组的输入数据块。分组具有一个控制字前面的开始，另一个控制字后面跟着一个。这些块比数据包小。确定块是否仅由信息字组成。当块仅由信息字组成时，具有第一感测的主转换被附加到块以形成帧。当该块不仅仅由信息字组成时，该块被压缩以容纳一个TYPE字，该TYPE字被产生并被插入到该块中，并且该主转换被附加到该块以形成该帧。 TYPE字具有指示块的以下结构特性之一的值：（a）块中的分组开始的位置，（b）块中的分组的结尾的位置和（ c）该块仅由控制词组成。当块不完全由信息字组成时，附加到块的主转换具有与第一感觉相反的第二感觉。

7. 发明授权

US06650638B1 Decoding method and decoder for 64b/66b coded packetized serial data 失效
标题翻译：用于64b / 66b编码分组串行数据的解码方法和解码器
公开(公告)号：US06650638B1
公开(公告)日：2003-11-18
申请号：US09519840
申请日：2000-03-06
申请人： Richard C. Walker , Bharadwaj Amrutur , Richard W. Dugan
发明人： Richard C. Walker , Bharadwaj Amrutur , Richard W. Dugan
IPC分类号： H04L1228
CPC分类号： H04L25/4908 , H04L7/04 , H04L25/03872
摘要： The frame of data that is decoded is one of a set of frames that represent a packet of information words, and that additionally represent coded control words preceding and following the packet. The frames each include a master transition and a payload field. The payload field either is composed exclusively of ones of the information words, or includes a TYPE word that defines the structure of the payload field. The master transition is in a first state when the payload field is composed exclusively of ones of the information words, and is otherwise in a second state. In the method, a determination is made of whether the master transition is in the first state. When the master transition is in the first state, the payload field is adopted as a block of received data. When the master transition is not in the first state, the TYPE word is extracted from the payload field, the payload field is expanded in response to the TYPE word, and the payload field, after expansion, is adopted as a block of received data.
摘要翻译：解码的数据帧是表示信息字组的一组帧中的一个，另外表示分组之前和之后的编码控制字。这些帧各自包括主转换和有效载荷字段。有效载荷字段或者由信息字中的一个构成，或者包括定义有效载荷字段的结构的TYPE字。当有效载荷字段仅由信息字中的一个构成时，主转换处于第一状态，否则处于第二状态。在该方法中，确定主转换是否处于第一状态。当主转换处于第一状态时，有效负载字段被采用为接收数据的块。当主转换不处于第一状态时，从有效载荷字段提取TYPE字，响应于TYPE字来扩展有效负载字段，扩展后的有效载荷字段被采用为接收数据块。

8. 发明授权

US09158408B2 Surfaces with embedded sensing and actuation networks using complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensing chips 有权
标题翻译：具有使用互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）感测芯片的嵌入式感测和驱动网络的表面
公开(公告)号：US09158408B2
公开(公告)日：2015-10-13
申请号：US12869020
申请日：2010-08-26
申请人： Bharadwaj Amrutur , Navakanta Bhat
发明人： Bharadwaj Amrutur , Navakanta Bhat
IPC分类号： G01R1/00 , G01R29/00 , G06F3/041 , G06F3/01
CPC分类号： G01D5/24 , G06F3/016 , G06F3/0416
摘要： A device and method for area sensing and actuation comprises highly scalable sensing and actuation network that can control a high density of sensing and actuation elements over a physical area. The device comprises a matrix of CMOS sensing chips that each comprise a plurality of sensing electrodes arranged in a matrix of columns and rows along horizontal wires and vertical wires. The vertical wires carry an activation signal to activate a column of sensing electrodes, and the vertical wires carry sensing and actuation signals between the column of sensing electrodes and a processing chip. The signals may be amplified by CMOS sensing chips between the source and destination of the signals. In this way, signals may be received from and sent to a dense matrix of sensing electrodes spanning a large geographic area with little or no degradation.
摘要翻译：用于区域感测和致动的装置和方法包括高度可扩展的感测和致动网络，其可以在物理区域上控制高密度的感测和致动元件。该装置包括CMOS感测芯片的矩阵，每个CMOS感测芯片包括沿水平线和垂直线布置成列和列的矩阵的多个感测电极。垂直导线具有激活信号以激活一列感测电极，并且垂直导线在感测电极列和处理芯片之间携带感测和致动信号。信号可以由信号的源和目的地之间的CMOS感测芯片放大。以这种方式，信号可以被接收并且发送到跨越大地理区域的感测电极的致密矩阵，几乎没有或没有劣化。

9. 发明授权

US08442464B2 Low noise amplifier and mixer 有权
标题翻译：低噪音放大器和混音器
公开(公告)号：US08442464B2
公开(公告)日：2013-05-14
申请号：US12551038
申请日：2009-08-31
申请人： Bharadwaj Amrutur , Kannan Aryaperumal Sankaragomathi
发明人： Bharadwaj Amrutur , Kannan Aryaperumal Sankaragomathi
IPC分类号： H04B1/06 , H04B1/00
CPC分类号： H03F3/195 , H03F1/0261 , H03F1/0277 , H03F1/223 , H03F1/3205 , H03F3/211 , H03F3/72 , H03F2200/18 , H03F2200/222 , H03F2200/294 , H03F2200/451 , H03F2200/555 , H03F2203/21142 , H03F2203/21178 , H03F2203/7236 , H03G1/0088 , H03G3/3052
摘要： A low noise amplifier (LNA) system with controllable linearity and noise figure versus power consumption is provided. The system comprises two control inputs for tuning. One input controls an effective transistor width, and the other input controls bias current. Changes to the effective transistor width alter a gain that is applied to a signal, and changes to the bias current alter a power consumption of the system. For more stringent signal specifications, an impedance matched inductive degeneration variation of the LNA is provided.
摘要翻译：提供了具有可控线性度和噪声系数与功耗的低噪声放大器（LNA）系统。该系统包括两个用于调谐的控制输入。一个输入控制有效的晶体管宽度，另一个输入控制偏置电流。对有效晶体管宽度的改变会改变施加到信号的增益，并且改变偏置电流会改变系统的功耗。对于更严格的信号规范，提供LNA的阻抗匹配的电感退化变化。

10. 发明申请

US20120264137A1 TECHNIQUES FOR BUFFERLESS LYSING OF CELLS AND SEPARATION OF CELLULAR COMPONENTS USING MODIFIED MEMBRANES 审中-公开
标题翻译：使用改性膜分离细胞和分离细胞成分的技术
公开(公告)号：US20120264137A1
公开(公告)日：2012-10-18
申请号：US13449330
申请日：2012-04-18
申请人： Siva Rama Krishna Vanjari , Navakanta Bhat , Sampath Srinivasan , Bharadwaj Amrutur , Sandeep Keshavan , Deepthi Indukuri
发明人： Siva Rama Krishna Vanjari , Navakanta Bhat , Sampath Srinivasan , Bharadwaj Amrutur , Sandeep Keshavan , Deepthi Indukuri
IPC分类号： C12N5/078 , C09D101/12 , C12Q1/00 , G01N33/53 , C12M1/00 , C12Q1/02
CPC分类号： C12M47/06 , C08L1/10 , C08L1/12 , C08L1/18 , C12N1/06 , G01N33/5436
摘要： A porous membrane for lysis of a cell population enriched from a biological sample, and isolation of cellular components is provided. The porous membrane contains embedded lysing agents to perform lysing. The biological sample is brought into contact with the membrane. Lysis occurs through the action of the embedded lysing agents on the biological sample. The pores of the porous membrane are designed to have dimensions to allow only a desired type of cellular component(s) resulting from lysis to pass through the membrane, thereby achieving isolation of the desired cellular component(s). The action of lysing agents is combined with the filtration properties of porous membranes resulting in an easy-to-use and cost-effective technique.
摘要翻译：提供了用于从生物样品富集的细胞群的裂解的多孔膜和细胞组分的分离。多孔膜含有嵌入的裂解剂以进行裂解。生物样品与膜接触。裂解通过嵌入的裂解剂对生物样品的作用发生。多孔膜的孔被设计成具有仅允许由裂解产生的所需类型的细胞组分通过膜的尺寸，从而实现所需的细胞组分的分离。裂解剂的作用与多孔膜的过滤性质相结合，导致易于使用和成本有效的技术。

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