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1. 发明授权

US5528656A Method and apparatus for sampling an object 失效
标题翻译：用于取样对象的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5528656A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-18
申请号：US308554
申请日：1994-09-19
申请人： Martin Annis
发明人： Martin Annis
IPC分类号： G01T1/20 , G06T5/00 , H04N5/32 , H04N5/335 , H05G1/04 , H05G1/60 , H05G1/64
CPC分类号： H04N5/335 , H04N5/32 , H05G1/60
摘要： An improved digital image sampling arrangement samples only one pixel of a predetermined region of pixels and assigns a density value to that pixel. The remaining, unsampled pixels of the region are then allocated density values based on the value of the sampled pixel using either a simple algorithm or an extrapolation algorithm. This improved arrangement provides more precise information about the sampled image than a prior art technique of merely enlarging each pixel by a predetermined factor.
摘要翻译：改进的数字图像采样布置仅对像素的预定区域的一个像素进行采样，并为该像素分配密度值。然后使用简单算法或外插算法，基于采样像素的值来分配该区域的剩余的未采样像素的密度值。这种改进的布置提供了关于采样图像的更精确的信息，而不是仅将每个像素放大预定因子的现有技术。

2. 发明授权

US5313511A X-ray imaging particularly adapted for low Z materials 失效
标题翻译： X射线成像特别适用于低Z材料
公开(公告)号：US5313511A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-17
申请号：US809246
申请日：1991-12-18
申请人： Martin Annis , Paul J. Bjorkholm
发明人： Martin Annis , Paul J. Bjorkholm
IPC分类号： G01N23/04 , G01V5/00 , G21K5/10 , G01N23/201
CPC分类号： G01V5/0016 , G01V5/0025 , G21K5/10
摘要： An imaging device for increasing the ability to recognize, in x-ray produced images, materials of low atomic number. A flying spot scanner illuminates an object to be imaged in a raster pattern; the flying spot repeatedly sweeps a line in space, and the object to be imaged is moved so that the illuminating beam intersects the object. At least a pair of x-ray detectors are employed, each pair associated with signal processing apparatus and a display. The two detectors employed (and the associated electrons and display) are selected from a set of three which includes a transmitted detector located at the line in space which is repeatedly traversed by the pencil beam, a forward scatter detector which is located further from the x-ray beam than the object to respond to photons scattered by the object being illuminated out of the path of the beam, and a back scatter detector which is located closer to the x-ray source than the object being imaged and also arranged to detect photons scattered out of the beam path by the object. In another embodiment of the invention all three detectors and their associated electronics/displays are employed.
摘要翻译：用于增加在x射线产生的图像中识别低原子数的材料的能力的成像装置。飞点扫描器以光栅图案照射要成像的对象; 飞点反复扫描空间中的线，并且要成像的对象被移动，使得照明光束与物体相交。至少使用一对x射线检测器，每对X射线检测器与信号处理装置和显示器相关联。使用的两个检测器（以及相关联的电子和显示器）从一组三个中选出，该三个检测器包括位于空间中的由透射线束反复穿过的传输的检测器，远离x射线的前向散射检测器射线束比对象响应被被照射出的物体散射的光子离开光束的路径;以及背面散射检测器，其位于比被成像的物体更靠近x射线源的位置，并且还布置成检测光子被物体散射出光束路径。在本发明的另一个实施例中，采用了所有三个检测器及其相关的电子/显示器。

3. 发明授权

US4366576A Penetrating radiant energy imaging system with multiple resolution 失效
标题翻译：穿透辐射能量成像系统具有多重分辨率
公开(公告)号：US4366576A
公开(公告)日：1982-12-28
申请号：US207483
申请日：1980-11-17
申请人： Martin Annis
发明人： Martin Annis
IPC分类号： A61B6/03 , A61B6/06 , H05G1/60 , G03B41/16
CPC分类号： A61B6/032 , A61B6/06 , H05G1/60
摘要： Penetrating radiant energy imaging system employs a scanning pencil beam of radiant energy. In some embodiments of the invention, the cross-section of the beam varies in a controlled manner; in a disclosed embodiment the beam has either one or another cross-section. A detector responds to incident radiant energy passing through a target and provides signals to a processor which produces from the signals a pair of image arrays, each array consisting of signals generated by the scanning pencil beam of one cross-section or the other. Increased contrast and/or resolution is provided by selectively combining the signals in the image arrays. In other embodiments of the invention, specifically related to tomographic imaging, rather than controlling the cross-section of the radiant energy at the source, the cross-section of the radiant energy is controlled at the detector field. In these embodiments, the detector field is occupied by multiple detectors and one or more of the detectors has a field of view which is different from the field of view of other detectors.
摘要翻译：透射辐射能量成像系统采用辐射能量的扫描笔束。在本发明的一些实施例中，光束的横截面以受控的方式变化; 在公开的实施例中，光束具有一个或另一个横截面。检测器响应通过目标的入射辐射能量，并向处理器提供信号，该处理器从信号产生一对图像阵列，每个阵列由一个横截面的扫描笔形束或另一个横截面产生的信号组成。通过选择性地组合图像阵列中的信号来提供增加的对比度和/或分辨率。在本发明的其他实施例中，具体涉及断层成像，而不是控制源处的辐射能的横截面，辐射能的横截面被控制在检测器场。在这些实施例中，检测器场由多个检测器占据，并且一个或多个检测器具有不同于其它检测器的视场的视场。

4. 发明申请

US20150297156A1 LOW-DOSE X-RAY BACKSCATTER SYSTEM FOR THREE DIMENSIONAL MEDICAL IMAGING USING A CONVENTIONAL X-RAY TUBE 有权
标题翻译：用于使用常规X射线管的三维医学成像的低剂量X射线背景扫描系统
公开(公告)号：US20150297156A1
公开(公告)日：2015-10-22
申请号：US14752862
申请日：2015-06-27
申请人： Martin Annis Patent Trust - 2009
发明人： Martin Annis
IPC分类号： A61B6/00 , G01N23/203 , A61B6/06
CPC分类号： A61B6/4071 , A61B6/0414 , A61B6/06 , A61B6/4078 , A61B6/4085 , A61B6/42 , A61B6/483 , A61B6/502 , G01N23/203
摘要： An x-ray source emits a cone beam to a rotating, x-ray-opaque disc with radial slots. The slots break the cone beam into fan beams that are emitted to an x-ray-opaque plate that produces a scanning x-ray pencil beam as each fan beam moves across a slit in the plate. A backscatter detector is adjacent to the plate. A collimator is adjacent. The pencil beam enters the object space through slits in the detector and collimator. The pencil beam moves rapidly in the y direction in the object space, producing backscatter x-rays from the object. The collimator only passes backscattered x-rays at a selected distance from the detector. Simultaneously, the assemblage of x-ray source, disc, plate, detector, and collimator moves slowly in the x and z directions. The backscattered x-rays passed by the collimator are processed to form planar images at various depths in the object space.
摘要翻译： x射线源向具有径向槽的旋转的x射线不透明盘发射锥形束。这些槽将锥形束分解成扇形束，发射到X射线不透明板，当每个扇形光束移动穿过板中的狭缝时，其产生扫描x射线笔形束。反向散射检测器与板相邻。准直器相邻。铅笔光束通过检测器和准直器中的狭缝进入物体空间。铅笔光束在对象空间中沿y方向快速移动，从物体产生反向散射X射线。准直仪只能在距离检测器一定距离的地方传回反向散射的X射线。同时，x射线源，盘，板，探测器和准直器的组合在x和z方向上缓慢移动。由准直仪通过的背散射X射线被处理以在对象空间中的各种深度处形成平面图像。

5. 发明授权

US5179581A Automatic threat detection based on illumination by penetrating radiant energy 失效
标题翻译：基于穿透辐射能的照明自动威胁检测
公开(公告)号：US5179581A
公开(公告)日：1993-01-12
申请号：US710046
申请日：1991-06-04
申请人： Martin Annis
发明人： Martin Annis
IPC分类号： G01N23/203 , G01V5/00
CPC分类号： G01V5/0016 , G01N23/203 , G01V5/0025
摘要： Automatic threat detection in association with imaging which relies on a backscatter detector and illumination by a flying spot source of penetrating radiation. The digital backscatter image is processed to produce a histogram. The histogram is compared to a predetermined threat characteristic and an alarm is sounded if the histogram exceeds the threat characteristic. The threat characteristic is derived in an empirical fashion and automatically modified based on sensing selected parameters associated with the scanning. Operator control over the threat characteristic is also implemented. The flying spot source is also associated with a transmit detector to produce a transmit image. The transmit image is also processed against predetermined parameters for threat assessment. The predetermined parameters are also operator variable.
摘要翻译：与依赖于后向散射检测器的成像相关联的自动威胁检测和通过穿透辐射的飞斑源的照明。处理数字反向散射图像以产生直方图。将直方图与预定的威胁特征进行比较，如果直方图超过威胁特性，则会发出警报。威胁特征是以经验的方式得出的，并且基于感测与扫描有关的所选参数自动修改。操作员对威胁特征的控制也得到实施。飞点源还与发射检测器相关联以产生发射图像。传送图像也是针对威胁评估的预定参数进行处理的。预定参数也是运算符变量。

6. 发明授权

US4899283A Tomographic apparatus including means to illuminate the bounded field of view from a plurality of directions 失效
标题翻译：层析设备包括从多个方向照亮有界视野的装置
公开(公告)号：US4899283A
公开(公告)日：1990-02-06
申请号：US123630
申请日：1987-11-23
申请人： Martin Annis
发明人： Martin Annis
IPC分类号： G01N23/04 , G06T11/00
CPC分类号： G06T11/005 , G01N23/046 , G01N2223/419
摘要： Tomographic imaging with the aid of a line collimator is improved by providing for the illumination of a given linear element of the selected slice from a plurality of different directions. The line images resulting from illumination from different directions are then processed so as to minimize or eliminate spurious features of the image which result from portions of the object not lying along the slice but closer to the source of penetrating radiant energy than the slice plane.
摘要翻译：通过从多个不同方向提供所选切片的给定线性元件的照明，借助于线准直器的层析成像被改进。然后对来自不同方向的照明产生的线图像进行处理，以便最小化或消除由物体的不沿着切片放置的部分而不是比切片平面更接近穿透辐射源的部分的图像的假特征。

7. 发明授权

US4799247A X-ray imaging particularly adapted for low Z materials 失效
标题翻译： X射线成像特别适用于低Z材料
公开(公告)号：US4799247A
公开(公告)日：1989-01-17
申请号：US876632
申请日：1986-06-20
申请人： Martin Annis , Paul J. Bjorkholm
发明人： Martin Annis , Paul J. Bjorkholm
IPC分类号： G01N23/04 , G01V5/00 , G21K5/10 , G01N23/201 , G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01V5/0016 , G01V5/0025 , G21K5/10
摘要： An imaging device for increasing the ability to recognize, in x-ray produced images, materials of low atomic number. A flying spot scanner illuminates an object to be imaged in a raster pattern; the flying spot repeatedly sweeps a line in space, and the object to be imaged is moved so that the illuminating beam intersects the object. At least a pair of x-ray detectors are employed, each pair associated with signal processing apparatus and a display. The two detectors employed (and the associated electrons and display) are selected from a set of three which includes a transmitted detector located at the line in space which is repeatedly traversed by the pencil beam, a forward scatter detector which is located further from the x-ray beam than the object to respond to photons scattered by the object being illuminated out of the path of the beam, and a back scatter detector which is located closer to the x-ray source than the object being imaged and also arranged to detect photons scattered out of the beam path by the object. In another embodiment of the invention all three detectors and their associated electronics/displays are employed.
摘要翻译：用于增加在x射线产生的图像中识别低原子数的材料的能力的成像装置。飞点扫描器以光栅图案照射要成像的对象; 飞点反复扫描空间中的线，并且要成像的对象被移动，使得照明光束与物体相交。至少使用一对x射线检测器，每对X射线检测器与信号处理装置和显示器相关联。使用的两个检测器（以及相关联的电子和显示器）从一组三个中选出，该三个检测器包括位于空间中的由透射线束反复穿过的传输的检测器，远离x射线的前向散射检测器射线束比对象响应被被照射出的物体散射的光子离开光束的路径;以及背面散射检测器，其位于比被成像的物体更靠近x射线源的位置，并且还布置成检测光子被物体散射出光束路径。在本发明的另一个实施例中，采用了所有三个检测器及其相关的电子/显示器。

8. 发明授权

US4503332A Grazing angle detector array 失效
标题翻译：掠角探测器阵列
公开(公告)号：US4503332A
公开(公告)日：1985-03-05
申请号：US400534
申请日：1982-07-21
申请人： Martin Annis
发明人： Martin Annis
IPC分类号： G01N23/04 , G01T1/164 , G01T1/20 , H05G1/26
CPC分类号： H05G1/26 , G01N23/043 , G01T1/1644 , G01T1/20 , G01T1/2002
摘要： A detector array for use in an X-ray or gamma-ray imaging system comprises a plurality of elongated tubular detector members which are juxtaposed in generally parallel relation to one another. Each detector includes a thin body of scintillator material which is so oriented relative to an X-ray beam of rectangular cross-section that the beam intercepts the scintillator material at a grazing angle, and the dimensions and orientation of the several scintillators are such that they intercept different portions of the X-ray beam respectively. The output signals from the several detectors are combined and processed to produce a display of an object being examined. The energy collected from the radiant source is greatly increased and is detected with nearly 100% efficiency.
摘要翻译：用于X射线或γ射线成像系统的检测器阵列包括多个细长的管状检测器构件，它们彼此大致平行地并置。每个检测器包括薄体闪烁器材料，其相对于矩形横截面的X射线束定向，使得束以掠射角截取闪烁体材料，并且几个闪烁体的尺寸和取向使得它们截取X射线束的不同部分。来自多个检测器的输出信号被组合和处理以产生被检查物体的显示。从辐射源收集的能量大大增加，检测效率接近100％。

9. 发明授权

US09204848B2 Low-dose X-ray backscatter system for three dimensional medical imaging using a conventional X-ray tube 有权
标题翻译：用于使用常规X射线管的三维医学成像的低剂量X射线反向散射系统
公开(公告)号：US09204848B2
公开(公告)日：2015-12-08
申请号：US14752862
申请日：2015-06-27
申请人： Martin Annis Patent Trust—2009
发明人： Martin Annis
IPC分类号： G01N23/203 , A61B6/00 , A61B6/06
CPC分类号： A61B6/4071 , A61B6/0414 , A61B6/06 , A61B6/4078 , A61B6/4085 , A61B6/42 , A61B6/483 , A61B6/502 , G01N23/203
摘要： An x-ray source emits a cone beam to a rotating, x-ray-opaque disc with radial slots. The slots break the cone beam into fan beams that are emitted to an x-ray-opaque plate that produces a scanning x-ray pencil beam as each fan beam moves across a slit in the plate. A backscatter detector is adjacent to the plate. A collimator is adjacent. The pencil beam enters the object space through slits in the detector and collimator. The pencil beam moves rapidly in the y direction in the object space, producing backscatter x-rays from the object. The collimator only passes backscattered x-rays at a selected distance from the detector. Simultaneously, the assemblage of x-ray source, disc, plate, detector, and collimator moves slowly in the x and z directions. The backscattered x-rays passed by the collimator are processed to form planar images at various depths in the object space.
摘要翻译： x射线源向具有径向槽的旋转的x射线不透明盘发射锥形束。这些槽将锥形束分解成扇形束，发射到X射线不透明板，当每个扇形光束移动穿过板上的狭缝时，其产生扫描X射线笔形束。反向散射检测器与板相邻。准直器相邻。铅笔光束通过检测器和准直器中的狭缝进入物体空间。铅笔光束在对象空间中沿y方向快速移动，从物体产生反向散射X射线。准直仪只能在距离检测器一定距离的地方传回反向散射的X射线。同时，x射线源，盘，板，探测器和准直器的组合在x和z方向上缓慢移动。由准直仪通过的背散射X射线被处理以在对象空间中的各种深度处形成平面图像。

10. 发明授权

US07561666B2 Personnel x-ray inspection system 有权
标题翻译：人员x射线检查系统
公开(公告)号：US07561666B2
公开(公告)日：2009-07-14
申请号：US11838783
申请日：2007-08-14
申请人： Martin Annis
发明人： Martin Annis
IPC分类号： G01N23/203
CPC分类号： G01T1/203 , G01T1/163 , G01V5/0025
摘要： A dual-energy x-ray source located a distance of one half of the maximum width of the subject from the subject emits a cone beam to a horizontal slit in an x-ray-blocking sheet, producing a fan beam that is chopped into a pencil beam by a rotating disk with radial slots. The pencil beam sweeps a subject, producing backscatter read by a plastic scintillator detector situated very close to and curved around the sides of the subject. The entire assembly translates vertically to produce a complete image of the subject. Pencil beam area is increased farther from the center by increasing the width of the slit toward both ends and increasing the width of the slots toward the outer end. High and low peak x-ray energies of 50 KeV or more and 30 KeV or less, respectively, enable differentiation between innocent and contraband materials that both contain low Z materials.
摘要翻译：距离被摄体的物体的最大宽度的一半距离的双能X射线源将辐射锥形束发射到X射线遮挡片中的水平狭缝，产生扇形光束，其被切成笔杆由具有径向槽的旋转盘组成。铅笔束扫描被摄体，产生由位于被摄物体两侧非常靠近并弯曲的塑料闪烁体检测器读取的反向散射。整个组件垂直翻译以产生主题的完整图像。通过将狭缝的宽度增加到两端，并且将槽的宽度增加到外端，铅笔光束面积比中心增加得更远。分别为50KeV以上且30KeV以下的高，低峰值X射线能量使得能够区分含有低Z材料的无辜和非物质材料。

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