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1. 发明授权

US06994729B2 Cervical disc replacement 失效
标题翻译：子宫颈椎间盘置换
公开(公告)号：US06994729B2
公开(公告)日：2006-02-07
申请号：US10776650
申请日：2004-02-11
申请人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
发明人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
IPC分类号： A61F2/44
CPC分类号： A61F2/4425 , A61B17/1728 , A61B17/7059 , A61B17/8033 , A61B17/8042 , A61B17/8625 , A61B17/866 , A61F2/442 , A61F2/4611 , A61F2/4684 , A61F2002/30301 , A61F2002/30578 , A61F2002/30616 , A61F2002/3065 , A61F2002/30841 , A61F2002/30843 , A61F2002/449 , A61F2002/4625 , A61F2002/4627 , A61F2002/4628 , A61F2002/4629 , A61F2230/0065 , A61F2230/0095 , Y10S623/908 , Y10S623/911
摘要： An apparatus for replacing at least a portion of an intervertebral disc in a spinal column includes: a first member having a first vertebral contact surface for engagement with an endplate of a first vertebral bone in the spinal column, and having a first articulation surface that is defined at least by a concave arc having a radius of curvature A about a first axis substantially perpendicular to an anterior-posterior plane of the spinal column, and by a convex arc having a radius of curvature B about a first axis substantially perpendicular to a lateral plane of the spinal column; and a second member having a second vertebral contact surface for engagement with an endplate of a second vertebral bone in the spinal column, and having a second articulation surface that is defined at least by a convex arc having a radius of curvature C about a second axis substantially perpendicular to the anterior-posterior plane of the spinal column, and by a concave arc having a radius of curvature D about a second axis substantially perpendicular to the lateral plane of the spinal column, wherein: an intervertebral disc space is defined substantially between the first and second endplates of the first and second vertebral bones, and the radii of curvature of the first and second articulation surfaces are sized such that the first and second articulation surfaces engage one another when the first and second members are disposed in the intervertebral disc space to enable the first and second vertebral bones to articulate in at least one of flexion, extension and lateral bending.
摘要翻译：用于替换脊柱中的椎间盘的至少一部分的装置包括：第一构件，其具有至少由凹弧限定的第一关节表面，所述第一关节表面具有围绕基本上垂直于前部的第一轴线的曲率半径A 脊柱的前平面以及具有大致垂直于脊柱侧面的第一轴线的曲率半径B的凸弧。该装置包括具有第二铰接表面的第二构件，该第二铰接表面由凸弧限定，该凸弧具有大致垂直于脊柱前后平面的第二轴线的曲率半径C，以及具有半径为围绕基本上垂直于脊柱侧面的第二轴线的曲率D. 第一和第二关节表面的曲率半径的尺寸设定成使得当第一和第二构件设置在椎间盘空间中时，第一和第二关节表面彼此接合，以使得第一和第二椎骨至少能够铰接屈曲，伸展和侧弯。

2. 发明授权

US08936640B2 Cervical disc replacement 有权
标题翻译：子宫颈椎间盘置换
公开(公告)号：US08936640B2
公开(公告)日：2015-01-20
申请号：US11125379
申请日：2005-05-09
申请人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
发明人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
IPC分类号： A61F2/44 , A61B17/80 , A61F2/46 , A61B17/17 , A61B17/70 , A61B17/86 , A61F2/30
CPC分类号： A61F2/4425 , A61B17/1728 , A61B17/7059 , A61B17/8033 , A61B17/8042 , A61B17/8625 , A61B17/866 , A61F2/442 , A61F2/4611 , A61F2/4684 , A61F2002/30301 , A61F2002/30578 , A61F2002/30616 , A61F2002/3065 , A61F2002/30841 , A61F2002/30843 , A61F2002/449 , A61F2002/4625 , A61F2002/4627 , A61F2002/4628 , A61F2002/4629 , A61F2230/0065 , A61F2230/0095 , Y10S623/908 , Y10S623/911
摘要： A method for replacing at least a portion of an intervertebral disc in a spinal column includes: removing the portion of the intervertebral disc from the spinal column; and inserting an apparatus for replacing the portion of the intervertebral disc into an intervertebral disc space defined substantially between adjacent vertebral bones of the spinal column, and positioning the apparatus between the vertebral bones, wherein the apparatus is operable to permit the adjacent vertebral bones to articulate relative to one another about at least one of: (i) a first center of rotation for at least one of flexion and extension that is located outside the intervertebral disc space, and (ii) a second center of rotation for lateral bending that is located outside the intervertebral disc space.
摘要翻译：用于替换脊柱中的椎间盘的至少一部分的方法包括：从脊柱移除椎间盘的部分; 以及将用于将所述椎间盘的所述部分替换为基本上在所述脊柱的相邻椎骨之间限定的椎间盘空间中并将所述装置定位在所述椎骨之间的装置，其中所述装置可操作以允许相邻的椎骨铰接相对于彼此关于以下至少一个：（i）位于椎间盘空间外部的用于至少一个屈曲和延伸的第一旋转中心，以及（ii）位于第二中心的侧向弯曲的第二旋转中心在椎间盘外空间。

3. 发明授权

US07198643B2 Cervical disc replacement 有权
标题翻译：子宫颈椎间盘置换
公开(公告)号：US07198643B2
公开(公告)日：2007-04-03
申请号：US10776656
申请日：2004-02-11
申请人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
发明人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
IPC分类号： A61F2/44
CPC分类号： A61F2/4425 , A61B17/1728 , A61B17/7059 , A61B17/8033 , A61B17/8042 , A61B17/8625 , A61B17/866 , A61F2/442 , A61F2/4611 , A61F2/4684 , A61F2002/30301 , A61F2002/30578 , A61F2002/30616 , A61F2002/3065 , A61F2002/30841 , A61F2002/30843 , A61F2002/449 , A61F2002/4625 , A61F2002/4627 , A61F2002/4628 , A61F2002/4629 , A61F2230/0065 , A61F2230/0095 , Y10S623/908 , Y10S623/911
摘要： An apparatus for replacing at least a portion of an intervertebral disc in a spinal column includes: a first member having a first vertebral contact surface for engagement with an endplate of a first vertebral bone in the spinal column, and having a first saddle shaped articulation surface; and a second member having a second vertebral contact surface for engagement with an endplate of a second vertebral bone in the spinal column, and having a second saddle shaped articulation surface, wherein an intervertebral disc space is defined substantially between the first and second endplates of the first and second vertebral bones, and the first and second articulation surfaces are sized and shaped to engage one another when the first and second members are disposed in the intervertebral disc space to enable the first and second vertebral bones to articulate in at least one of flexion, extension and lateral bending.
摘要翻译：用于替换脊柱中的椎间盘的至少一部分的装置包括：具有第一脊椎接触表面的第一构件，用于与脊柱中的第一椎骨的端板接合，并且具有第一鞍形关节表面 ; 以及第二构件，具有第二脊椎接触表面，用于与脊柱中的第二椎骨的端板接合，并且具有第二鞍形关节表面，其中椎间盘空间基本上被限定在所述第一和第二终板之间第一和第二椎骨，并且当第一和第二构件设置在椎间盘空间中时，第一和第二关节表面的尺寸和形状彼此接合，以使得第一和第二椎骨能够以至少一个屈曲，延伸和横向弯曲。

4. 发明授权

US06997954B2 Cervical disc replacement method 失效
标题翻译：子宫颈椎间盘置换法
公开(公告)号：US06997954B2
公开(公告)日：2006-02-14
申请号：US10776488
申请日：2004-02-11
申请人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
发明人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
IPC分类号： A61F2/44
CPC分类号： A61F2/4425 , A61B17/1728 , A61B17/7059 , A61B17/8033 , A61B17/8042 , A61B17/8625 , A61B17/866 , A61F2/442 , A61F2/4611 , A61F2/4684 , A61F2002/30301 , A61F2002/30578 , A61F2002/30616 , A61F2002/3065 , A61F2002/30841 , A61F2002/30843 , A61F2002/449 , A61F2002/4625 , A61F2002/4627 , A61F2002/4628 , A61F2002/4629 , A61F2230/0065 , A61F2230/0095 , Y10S623/908 , Y10S623/911
摘要： A method for replacing at least a portion of an intervertebral disc in a spinal column includes: removing the portion of the intervertebral disc from the spinal column; and inserting an apparatus for replacing the portion of the intervertebral disc into an intervertebral disc space defined substantially between adjacent vertebral bones of the spinal column, and positioning the apparatus between the vertebral bones, wherein the apparatus is operable to permit the adjacent vertebral bones to articulate relative to one another about at least one of: (i) a first center of rotation for at least one of flexion and extension that is located outside the intervertebral disc space, and (ii) a second center of rotation for lateral bending that is located outside the intervertebral disc space.
摘要翻译：用于替换脊柱中的椎间盘的至少一部分的方法包括：从脊柱移除椎间盘的部分; 以及将用于将所述椎间盘的所述部分替换为基本上在所述脊柱的相邻椎骨之间限定的椎间盘空间中并将所述装置定位在所述椎骨之间的装置，其中所述装置可操作以允许相邻的椎骨铰接相对于彼此关于以下至少一个：（i）位于椎间盘空间外部的用于至少一个屈曲和延伸的第一旋转中心，以及（ii）位于第二中心的侧向弯曲的第二旋转中心在椎间盘外空间。

5. 发明授权

US06972037B2 Cervical disc replacement 失效
标题翻译：子宫颈椎间盘置换
公开(公告)号：US06972037B2
公开(公告)日：2005-12-06
申请号：US10776434
申请日：2004-02-11
申请人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
发明人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
IPC分类号： A61B17/17 , A61B17/70 , A61B17/80 , A61B17/86 , A61B17/88 , A61F2/00 , A61F2/30 , A61F2/44 , A61F2/46 , A61F2/28
CPC分类号： A61F2/4425 , A61B17/1728 , A61B17/7059 , A61B17/8033 , A61B17/8042 , A61B17/8625 , A61B17/866 , A61F2/442 , A61F2/4611 , A61F2/4684 , A61F2002/30301 , A61F2002/30578 , A61F2002/30616 , A61F2002/3065 , A61F2002/30841 , A61F2002/30843 , A61F2002/449 , A61F2002/4625 , A61F2002/4627 , A61F2002/4628 , A61F2002/4629 , A61F2230/0065 , A61F2230/0095 , Y10S623/908 , Y10S623/911
摘要： An apparatus for replacing at least a portion of an intervertebral disc in a spinal column includes: a first member having a first vertebral contact surface for engagement with an endplate of a first vertebral bone in the spinal column, and having a first articulation surface; and a second member having a second vertebral contact surface for engagement with an endplate of a second vertebral bone in the spinal column, and having a second articulation surface, wherein: an intervertebral disc space is defined substantially between the first and second endplates of the first and second vertebral bones, and at least one of the first and second articulation surfaces is a saddle shaped surface, and the articulation surfaces are sized and shaped to engage one another when the first and second members are disposed in the intervertebral disc space to enable the first and second vertebral bones to articulate in at least one of flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
摘要翻译：用于替换脊柱中的椎间盘的至少一部分的装置包括：具有第一脊椎接触表面的第一构件，用于与脊柱中的第一椎骨的端板接合，并具有第一铰接表面; 以及第二构件，具有第二脊椎接触表面，用于与脊柱中的第二椎骨的端板接合，并具有第二铰接表面，其中：椎间盘空间基本上限定在第一和第二终板之间，和第二椎骨，并且所述第一和第二关节表面中的至少一个是鞍形表面，并且当所述第一和第二构件设置在所述椎间盘空间中时，所述关节运动表面的尺寸和形状彼此接合，从而能够第一和第二椎骨在屈曲，伸展和侧向弯曲中的至少一个中铰接。

6. 发明授权

US09028552B2 Cervical disc replacement 有权
公开(公告)号：US09028552B2
公开(公告)日：2015-05-12
申请号：US11125383
申请日：2005-05-09
申请人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
发明人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
IPC分类号： A61F2/44 , A61B17/80 , A61F2/46 , A61F2/30 , A61B17/17 , A61B17/70 , A61B17/86
CPC分类号： A61F2/4425 , A61B17/1728 , A61B17/7059 , A61B17/8033 , A61B17/8042 , A61B17/8625 , A61B17/866 , A61F2/442 , A61F2/4611 , A61F2/4684 , A61F2002/30301 , A61F2002/30578 , A61F2002/30616 , A61F2002/3065 , A61F2002/30841 , A61F2002/30843 , A61F2002/449 , A61F2002/4625 , A61F2002/4627 , A61F2002/4628 , A61F2002/4629 , A61F2230/0065 , A61F2230/0095 , Y10S623/908 , Y10S623/911
摘要： A method for replacing at least a portion of an intervertebral disc in a spinal column includes: removing the portion of the intervertebral disc from the spinal column; and inserting an apparatus for replacing the portion of the intervertebral disc into an intervertebral disc space defined substantially between adjacent vertebral bones of the spinal column, and positioning the apparatus between the vertebral bones, wherein the apparatus is operable to permit the adjacent vertebral bones to articulate relative to one another about at least one of: (i) a first center of rotation for at least one of flexion and extension that is located outside the intervertebral disc space, and (ii) a second center of rotation for lateral bending that is located outside the intervertebral disc space.

7. 发明授权

US06997955B2 Cervical disc replacement 失效
标题翻译：子宫颈椎间盘置换
公开(公告)号：US06997955B2
公开(公告)日：2006-02-14
申请号：US10776651
申请日：2004-02-11
申请人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
发明人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
IPC分类号： A61F2/44
CPC分类号： A61F2/4425 , A61B17/1728 , A61B17/7059 , A61B17/8033 , A61B17/8042 , A61B17/8625 , A61B17/866 , A61F2/442 , A61F2/4611 , A61F2/4684 , A61F2002/30301 , A61F2002/30578 , A61F2002/30616 , A61F2002/3065 , A61F2002/30841 , A61F2002/30843 , A61F2002/449 , A61F2002/4625 , A61F2002/4627 , A61F2002/4628 , A61F2002/4629 , A61F2230/0065 , A61F2230/0095 , Y10S623/908 , Y10S623/911
摘要： An apparatus for replacing at least a portion of an intervertebral disc in a spinal column includes: a first member having a first vertebral contact surface for engagement with an endplate of a first vertebral bone in the spinal column, and having a first articulation surface that is defined by a plurality of concave arcs each having a respective radius of curvature about a corresponding axis substantially perpendicular to an anterior-posterior plane of the spinal column, and a plurality of convex arcs each having a respective radius of curvature about a corresponding axis substantially perpendicular to a lateral plane of the spinal column; and a second member having a second vertebral contact surface for engagement with an endplate of a second vertebral bone in the spinal column, and having a second articulation surface that is defined by a plurality of convex arcs each having a radius of curvature about a corresponding axis substantially perpendicular to the anterior-posterior plane of the spinal column, and a plurality of concave arcs each having a radius of curvature about a corresponding axis substantially perpendicular to the lateral plane of the spinal column, wherein: an intervertebral disc space is defined substantially between the first and second endplates of the first and second vertebral bones, and the radii of curvature of the first and second articulation surfaces are sized such that the first and second articulation surfaces engage one another when the first and second members are disposed in the intervertebral disc space to enable the first and second vertebral bones to articulate in at least one of flexion, extension and lateral bending.
摘要翻译：用于替换脊柱中的椎间盘的至少一部分的装置包括：第一构件，具有第一脊椎接触表面，用于与脊柱中的第一椎骨的端板接合，并且具有第一铰接表面，由多个凹弧限定，每个凹弧各自具有围绕基本上垂直于脊柱的前 - 后平面的对应轴线的相应曲率半径，以及多个凸弧，每个凸弧具有相应的基本上垂直的轴线的曲率半径到脊柱的侧面; 以及具有第二脊椎接触表面的第二构件，用于与脊柱中的第二椎骨的端板接合，并且具有由多个凸弧限定的第二关节表面，所述第二铰接表面具有围绕相应轴线的曲率半径基本上垂直于脊柱的前 - 后平面，以及多个凹弧，每个凹弧具有围绕基本上垂直于脊柱的横向平面的对应轴线的曲率半径，其中：椎间盘空间基本上在第一和第二椎骨的第一和第二终板以及第一和第二关节表面的曲率半径的尺寸使得当第一和第二构件设置在椎间盘中时，第一和第二关节表面彼此接合空间，以使第一和第二椎骨能够在至少一个柔性中铰接延伸和横向弯曲。

8. 发明授权

US06972038B2 Cervical disc replacement 失效
标题翻译：子宫颈椎间盘置换
公开(公告)号：US06972038B2
公开(公告)日：2005-12-06
申请号：US10776471
申请日：2004-02-11
申请人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
发明人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
IPC分类号： A61B17/17 , A61B17/70 , A61B17/80 , A61B17/86 , A61B17/88 , A61F2/00 , A61F2/30 , A61F2/44 , A61F2/46 , A61F2/28
CPC分类号： A61F2/4425 , A61B17/1728 , A61B17/7059 , A61B17/8033 , A61B17/8042 , A61B17/8625 , A61B17/866 , A61F2/442 , A61F2/4611 , A61F2/4684 , A61F2002/30301 , A61F2002/30578 , A61F2002/30616 , A61F2002/3065 , A61F2002/30841 , A61F2002/30843 , A61F2002/449 , A61F2002/4625 , A61F2002/4627 , A61F2002/4628 , A61F2002/4629 , A61F2230/0065 , A61F2230/0095 , Y10S623/908 , Y10S623/911
摘要： An apparatus for replacing at least a portion of an intervertebral disc in a spinal column includes: a first member having a first vertebral contact surface for engagement with an endplate of a first vertebral bone in the spinal column and a first articulating surface having a single saddle surface; and a second member having a second vertebral contact surface for engagement with an endplate of a second vertebral bone in the spinal column and a second articulating surface having a single saddle surface wherein: an intervertebral disc space is defined substantially between the first and second endplates of the first and second vertebral bones, and the first and second members are operable to articulate relative to one another, when disposed in the intervertebral disc space, about at least one of: (i) a first center of rotation for at least one of flexion and extension that is located above the first and second articulating surfaces outside the intervertebral disc space, and (ii) a second center of rotation for lateral bending that is located below the first and second articulating surface.
摘要翻译：用于替换脊柱中的椎间盘的至少一部分的装置包括：具有第一脊椎接触表面的第一构件，用于与脊柱中的第一椎骨的端板接合，以及具有单个鞍座的第一铰接表面表面; 以及第二构件，其具有用于与脊柱中的第二椎骨的端板接合的第二椎骨接触表面和具有单个鞍座表面的第二铰接表面，其中：椎间盘空间基本上被限定在第一和第二终板之间第一和第二椎骨，并且第一和第二构件可操作以相对于彼此铰接，当设置在椎间盘空间中时，围绕以下至少一个：（i）用于至少一个屈曲的第一旋转中心以及位于椎间盘空间外的第一和第二关节表面上方的延伸部，和（ii）位于第一和第二关节表面下方的用于横向弯曲的第二旋转中心。

9. 发明授权

US06994728B2 Cervical disc replacement method 失效
标题翻译：子宫颈椎间盘置换法
公开(公告)号：US06994728B2
公开(公告)日：2006-02-07
申请号：US10776491
申请日：2004-02-11
申请人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
发明人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
IPC分类号： A61F2/44
CPC分类号： A61F2/4425 , A61B17/1728 , A61B17/7059 , A61B17/8033 , A61B17/8042 , A61B17/8625 , A61B17/866 , A61F2/442 , A61F2/4611 , A61F2/4684 , A61F2002/30301 , A61F2002/30578 , A61F2002/30616 , A61F2002/3065 , A61F2002/30841 , A61F2002/30843 , A61F2002/449 , A61F2002/4625 , A61F2002/4627 , A61F2002/4628 , A61F2002/4629 , A61F2230/0065 , A61F2230/0095 , Y10S623/908 , Y10S623/911
摘要： A method for replacing at least a portion of an intervertebral disc in a spinal column includes removing the portion of the intervertebral disc from the spinal column and inserting an apparatus for replacing the portion of the intervertebral disc. The apparatus is operable to permit respective vertebral bones of the spinal column between which the apparatus is positioned to articulate in flexion and extension in an anterior-posterior plane of the spinal column, lateral bending in a lateral plane of the spinal column, and axial rotation through a range of angles without permitting the vertebral bones to substantially move in directions directed away from one another along a longitudinal axis of the spinal column.
摘要翻译：用于替换脊柱中的椎间盘的至少一部分的方法包括从脊柱移除椎间盘的一部分并插入用于替换椎间盘的该部分的装置。所述装置可操作以允许脊柱的相应椎骨，所述脊柱的相应椎骨在所述脊柱的相对椎骨之间，所述脊柱在所述脊柱的侧面平面内的弯曲和延伸在所述脊柱的前 - 后平面之间进行铰接并且在轴向旋转通过一定范围的角度，而不允许椎骨基本上沿着脊柱的纵向轴线彼此远离的方向移动。

10. 发明授权

US06908484B2 Cervical disc replacement 有权
标题翻译：子宫颈椎间盘置换
公开(公告)号：US06908484B2
公开(公告)日：2005-06-21
申请号：US10382702
申请日：2003-03-06
申请人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
发明人： Rafail Zubok , Antonio Valdevit , Michael W. Dudasik , Joseph P. Errico
IPC分类号： A61B17/17 , A61B17/70 , A61B17/80 , A61B17/86 , A61B17/88 , A61F2/00 , A61F2/30 , A61F2/44 , A61F2/46
CPC分类号： A61F2/4425 , A61B17/1728 , A61B17/7059 , A61B17/8033 , A61B17/8042 , A61B17/8625 , A61B17/866 , A61F2/442 , A61F2/4611 , A61F2/4684 , A61F2002/30301 , A61F2002/30578 , A61F2002/30616 , A61F2002/3065 , A61F2002/30841 , A61F2002/30843 , A61F2002/449 , A61F2002/4625 , A61F2002/4627 , A61F2002/4628 , A61F2002/4629 , A61F2230/0065 , A61F2230/0095 , Y10S623/908 , Y10S623/911
摘要： An articulating joint implant for use in the cervical spine includes a pair of opposing upper and lower elements having nested articulation surfaces providing a center of rotation of the implant above the adjacent vertebral body endplate surfaces in one mode of motion lateral bending and a center of rotation of the implant below those surfaces in flexion/extension, and that further permit axial rotation of the opposing elements relative to one another about the longitudinal axis of the spinal column through a range of angles without causing them to move in opposing directions along the longitudinal axis within that range. In preferred embodiments, the articulation surfaces further cause such opposite movement of the opposing elements beyond that range.
摘要翻译：用于颈椎的关节植入物包括一对相对的上部和下部元件，其具有嵌套的关节表面，其以一种运动横向弯曲模式和旋转中心提供植入物在相邻椎骨端板表面上方的旋转中心的植入物在屈曲/伸展之下的那些表面下方，并且还允许相对的元件相对于彼此围绕脊柱的纵向轴线相对于彼此的角度轴向旋转角度范围，而不会使它们沿着纵向轴线在相反的方向上移动在该范围内。在优选实施例中，铰接表面进一步引起相对元件的相反移动超过该范围。

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