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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Balanced P-LRU tree for a “multiple of 3” number of ways cache
    • 平衡的P-LRU树为“多个3”的缓存方式
    • US09348766B2
    • 2016-05-24
    • US13994690
    • 2011-12-21
    • Adi BaselGur HildesheimShlomo RaikinRobert ChappellHo-Seop KimRohit Bhatia
    • Adi BaselGur HildesheimShlomo RaikinRobert ChappellHo-Seop KimRohit Bhatia
    • G06F13/00G06F12/12G06F3/06G06F12/00G06F12/08
    • G06F12/122G06F3/0604G06F12/00G06F12/0842G06F12/0864G06F12/124G06F12/125
    • In accordance with embodiments disclosed herein, there are provided methods, systems, mechanisms, techniques, and apparatuses for implementing a balanced P-LRU tree for a “multiple of 3” number of ways cache. For example, in one embodiment, such means may include an integrated circuit having a cache and a plurality of ways. In such an embodiment the plurality of ways include a quantity that is a multiple of three and not a power of two, and further in which the plurality of ways are organized into a plurality of pairs. In such an embodiment, means further include a single bit for each of the plurality of pairs, in which each single bit is to operate as an intermediate level decision node representing the associated pair of ways and a root level decision node having exactly two individual bits to point to one of the single bits to operate as the intermediate level decision nodes representing an associated pair of ways. In this exemplary embodiment, the total number of bits is N−1, wherein N is the total number of ways in the plurality of ways. Alternative structures are also presented for full LRU implementation, a “multiple of 5” number of cache ways, and variations of the “multiple of 3” number of cache ways.
    • 根据本文公开的实施例,提供了用于实现用于“3”倍的方式缓存的平衡P-LRU树的方法,系统,机制,技术和装置。 例如,在一个实施例中,这种装置可以包括具有高速缓存和多个方式的集成电路。 在这样的实施例中,多个方式包括量是三的倍数而不是二的幂,并且其中多个方式被组织成多对。 在这种实施例中,装置还包括用于多个对中的每一对的单个比特,其中每个单个比特将用作表示相关联的一对路由的中间级别决策节点,以及具有正好两个单独比特的根级别决策节点 指向要作为表示相关联的方式的中间级决策节点操作的单个位之一。 在该示例性实施例中,总数是N-1,其中N是多个方式的总路数。 还提供了替代结构,用于完整的LRU实现,“多路复用5”缓存方式,以及“3”倍数缓存方式的变化。
    • 4. 发明申请
    • Methods And Apparatuses For Reducing Step Loads Of Processors
    • 减少处理器阶跃负载的方法和装置
    • US20110252255A1
    • 2011-10-13
    • US13167970
    • 2011-06-24
    • Kevin SaffordRohit BhatiaChris BostakRichard BlumbergBlaine StackhouseSteve Undy
    • Kevin SaffordRohit BhatiaChris BostakRichard BlumbergBlaine StackhouseSteve Undy
    • G06F1/32
    • G06F1/3234G06F1/3203
    • Methods and apparatuses for reducing step loads of processors are disclosed. Method embodiments comprise examining a number of instructions to be processed by a processor to determine the types of instructions that it has, calculating power consumption by in an execution period based on the types of instructions, and limiting the execution to a subset of instructions of the number to control the quantity of power for the execution period. Some embodiments may also create artificial activity to provide a minimum power floor for the processor. Apparatus embodiments comprise instruction type determination logic to determine types of instructions in an incoming instruction stream, a power calculator to calculate power consumption associated with processing a number of instructions in an execution period, and instruction throttling logic to control the power consumption by limiting the number of instructions to be processed in the execution period.
    • 公开了减少处理器的步进负载的方法和装置。 方法实施例包括检查要由处理器处理的多个指令以确定其具有的指令的类型,基于指令的类型在执行周期中计算功耗,并将执行限制到指令的子集 号码来控制执行期间的电量。 一些实施例还可以创建人为活动以为处理器提供最小功率层。 装置实施例包括用于确定输入指令流中的指令类型的指令类型确定逻辑,用于计算与在执行周期中处理多个指令相关联的功耗的功率计算器,以及通过限制数量来控制功耗的指令限制逻辑 的执行期间要处理的指令。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Methods and apparatuses for reducing step loads of processors
    • 减少处理器阶跃负载的方法和装置
    • US07992017B2
    • 2011-08-02
    • US11900316
    • 2007-09-11
    • Kevin SaffordRohit BhatiaChris BostakRichard BlumbergBlaine StackhouseSteve Undy
    • Kevin SaffordRohit BhatiaChris BostakRichard BlumbergBlaine StackhouseSteve Undy
    • G06F1/32G06F11/30
    • G06F1/3234G06F1/3203
    • Methods and apparatuses for reducing step loads of processors are disclosed. Method embodiments comprise examining a number of instructions to be processed by a processor to determine the types of instructions that it has, calculating power consumption by in an execution period based on the types of instructions, and limiting the execution to a subset of instructions of the number to control the quantity of power for the execution period. Some embodiments may also create artificial activity to provide a minimum power floor for the processor. Apparatus embodiments comprise instruction type determination logic to determine types of instructions in an incoming instruction stream, a power calculator to calculate power consumption associated with processing a number of instructions in an execution period, and instruction throttling logic to control the power consumption by limiting the number of instructions to be processed in the execution period.
    • 公开了减少处理器的步进负载的方法和装置。 方法实施例包括检查要由处理器处理的多个指令以确定其具有的指令的类型,基于指令的类型在执行周期中计算功耗,并且将执行限制到指令的子集 号码来控制执行期间的电量。 一些实施例还可以创建人为活动以为处理器提供最小功率层。 装置实施例包括用于确定输入指令流中的指令类型的指令类型确定逻辑,用于计算与在执行周期中处理多个指令相关联的功耗的功率计算器,以及通过限制数量来控制功耗的指令限制逻辑 的执行期间要处理的指令。
    • 6. 发明申请
    • BALANCED P-LRU TREE FOR A
    • 平衡P-LRU树为“多个3”的方式快速访问
    • US20140215161A1
    • 2014-07-31
    • US13994690
    • 2011-12-21
    • Adi BaselGur HildeshemShlomo RaikinRobert ChappellHo-Seop KimRohit Bhatia
    • Adi BaselGur HildeshemShlomo RaikinRobert ChappellHo-Seop KimRohit Bhatia
    • G06F12/12
    • G06F12/122G06F3/0604G06F12/00G06F12/0842G06F12/0864G06F12/124G06F12/125
    • In accordance with embodiments disclosed herein, there are provided methods, systems, mechanisms, techniques, and apparatuses for implementing a balanced P-LRU tree for a “multiple of 3” number of ways cache. For example, in one embodiment, such means may include an integrated circuit having a cache and a plurality of ways. In such an embodiment the plurality of ways include a quantity that is a multiple of three and not a power of two, and further in which the plurality of ways are organized into a plurality of pairs. In such an embodiment, means further include a single bit for each of the plurality of pairs, in which each single bit is to operate as an intermediate level decision node representing the associated pair of ways and a root level decision node having exactly two individual bits to point to one of the single bits to operate as the intermediate level decision nodes representing an associated pair of ways. In this exemplary embodiment, the total number of bits is N−1, wherein N is the total number of ways in the plurality of ways. Alternative structures are also presented for full LRU implementation, a “multiple of 5” number of cache ways, and variations of the “multiple of 3” number of cache ways.
    • 根据本文公开的实施例,提供了用于实现用于“3”倍的方式缓存的平衡P-LRU树的方法,系统,机制,技术和装置。 例如,在一个实施例中,这种装置可以包括具有高速缓存和多个方式的集成电路。 在这样的实施例中,多个方式包括量是三的倍数,而不是二的幂,并且其中多个方式被组织成多对。 在这样的实施例中,装置还包括用于多个对中的每一对的单个位,其中每个单个位将用作表示相关联的方式的中间级决策节点,以及具有正好两个单独位的根级决策节点 指向要作为表示相关联的方式的中间级决策节点操作的单个位之一。 在该示例性实施例中,总数是N-1,其中N是多个方式的总路数。 还提供了替代结构,用于完整的LRU实现,“多路复用5”缓存方式,以及“3”倍数缓存方式的变化。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • System and method for responding to TLB misses
    • 用于响应TLB未命中的系统和方法
    • US07409524B2
    • 2008-08-05
    • US11205622
    • 2005-08-17
    • Kevin SaffordRohit BhatiaKarl Brummel
    • Kevin SaffordRohit BhatiaKarl Brummel
    • G06F12/00
    • G06F12/1063G06F12/1018
    • The present invention relates to an improved microprocessor having a memory system with several caches that can be operated to provide virtual memory. Among the caches included in the microprocessor are conventional caches that store data and instructions to be utilized by the processes being performed by the microprocessor, and that are typically arranged in a cache hierarchy, as well as one or more translation lookaside buffer (TLB) caches that store a limited number of virtual page translations. The improved microprocessor also has an additional cache that serves to store a virtual hash page table (VHPT) that is accessed when TLB misses occur. The introduction of this VHPT cache eliminates or at least reduces the need for the microprocessor to look for information within the caches of the cache hierarchy or in other memory (e.g., main memory) outside of the microprocessor when TLB misses occur, and consequently enhances microprocessor speed.
    • 本发明涉及一种改进的微处理器,具有具有多个可以操作以提供虚拟存储器的高速缓存的存储器系统。 在微处理器中包括的高速缓冲存储器中的是传统的高速缓冲存储器,其存储由微处理器执行的处理使用的数据和指令,并且通常被布置在高速缓存层级中,以及一个或多个转换后备缓冲器(TLB)高速缓存 它存储有限数量的虚拟页面翻译。 改进的微处理器还具有额外的高速缓存,用于存储当TLB未命中时被访问的虚拟散列页表(VHPT)。 这种VHPT高速缓存的引入消除或至少减少了在发生TLB缺失时微处理器在高速缓存层级或高速缓存之外的其他存储器(例如,主存储器)中寻找信息的需要,从而增强了微处理器 速度。