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1. 发明授权

US4658086A Photovoltaic cell package assembly for mechanically stacked photovoltaic cells 失效
标题翻译：用于机械堆叠的光伏电池的光伏电池组件
公开(公告)号：US4658086A
公开(公告)日：1987-04-14
申请号：US740362
申请日：1985-06-03
申请人： Paul S. McLeod , John A. Cape , Lewis M. Fraas , Larry D. Partain
发明人： Paul S. McLeod , John A. Cape , Lewis M. Fraas , Larry D. Partain
IPC分类号： H01L25/04 , H01L31/02 , H01L31/0203 , H01L31/048 , H01L31/052 , H01L25/02
CPC分类号： H01L31/0203 , H01L31/02008 , H01L31/043 , H01L31/048 , H01L31/052 , H01L2924/0002 , Y02E10/50
摘要： A mechanically stacked module package is described. The package permits the effective mechanical stacking of two solar cells in a compact arrangement. The design also permits the easy wiring of the package into a voltage matching configuration for module wiring thus eliminating the problems of current matching the top and bottom cells. The package design can be used with any mechanically stacked cells although the design is most suitable for concentrator solar cell configurations where the removal of heat to avoid degradation and shortening of lifetime is a major concern.
摘要翻译：描述了机械堆叠的模块封装。该封装允许以紧凑的布置有效地机械堆叠两个太阳能电池。该设计还允许将封装容易地布线到用于模块布线的电压匹配配置中，从而消除了电流匹配顶部和底部电池的问题。包装设计可以与任何机械堆叠的电池一起使用，尽管设计最适合于集中器太阳能电池配置，其中去除热量以避免降解和缩短寿命是主要问题。

2. 发明授权

US4746371A Mechanically stacked photovoltaic cells, package assembly, and modules 失效
标题翻译：机械堆叠的光伏电池，封装组件和模块
公开(公告)号：US4746371A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-24
申请号：US944402
申请日：1986-12-18
申请人： Paul S. McLeod , John A. Cape , Lewis M. Fraas , Larry D. Partain
发明人： Paul S. McLeod , John A. Cape , Lewis M. Fraas , Larry D. Partain
IPC分类号： H01L25/04 , H01L31/02 , H01L31/0203 , H01L31/052 , H01L31/06 , H01L25/08
CPC分类号： H01L31/0203 , H01L31/02005 , H01L31/043 , H01L31/052 , H01L2924/0002 , Y02E10/50
摘要： The present invention is an apparatus of mechanically stacked photovoltaic cells having a bottom heat spreader and a top heat spreader, a bottom photovoltaic cell and a top photovoltaic cell, and means for forming the necessary electrical contacts. The heat spreaders are electrically insulated from each other but are thermally connected to each other. The bottom photovoltaic cell has an anode and a cathode and is thermally bonded to the bottom heat spreader and is thermally connected to the top heat spreader. The top photovoltaic cell has an anode and a cathode, is electrically insulated from the bottom photovoltaic cell, and is thermally bonded to the top heat spreader and is thermally connected to the bottom heat spreader. The means for forming the necessary electrical contacts includes a means for electrically contacting the anode of the bottom photovoltaic cell, a means for electrically contacting the cathode of the bottom photovoltaic cell, a means for electrically contacting the anode of the top photovoltaic cell, and a means for electrically contacting the cathode of the top photovoltaic cell.
摘要翻译：本发明是具有底部散热器和顶部散热器，底部光伏电池和顶部光伏电池的机械堆叠的光伏电池的装置，以及用于形成所需电接触的装置。散热器彼此电绝缘，但彼此热连接。底部光伏电池具有阳极和阴极，并且热粘合到底部散热器并与顶部散热器热连接。顶部光伏电池具有阳极和阴极，与底部光伏电池电绝缘，并且热粘合到顶部散热器并热连接到底部散热器。用于形成必要的电触点的装置包括用于电接触底部光伏电池的阳极的装置，用于电接触底部光伏电池的阴极的装置，用于电接触顶部光伏电池的阳极的装置和用于电接触顶部光伏电池的阴极的装置。

3. 发明授权

US4776893A GaAs on GaSb mechanically stacked photovoltaic cells, package assembly, and modules 失效
标题翻译： GaAs上GaSb机械堆叠的光伏电池，封装组件和模块
公开(公告)号：US4776893A
公开(公告)日：1988-10-11
申请号：US921566
申请日：1986-10-21
申请人： Paul S. McLeod , John A. Cape , Lewis M. Fraas , Larry D. Partain
发明人： Paul S. McLeod , John A. Cape , Lewis M. Fraas , Larry D. Partain
IPC分类号： H01L25/04 , H01L31/02 , H01L31/0203 , H01L31/048 , H01L31/052 , H01L31/06 , H01L25/08
CPC分类号： H01L31/0203 , H01L31/02008 , H01L31/043 , H01L31/048 , H01L31/052 , H01L2924/0002 , Y02E10/50
摘要： The present invention is an apparatus of mechanically stacked photovoltaic cells having two cells. The bottom cell has a layer of GaSb having regions of different conductivity forming a homojunction therein. The GaSb layer is sandwiched between a conductive substrate and a bottom passivating layer. In the bottom cell is a means for forming electrical contacts to the substrate and the incident surface of the bottom passivating layer. The top cell has a layer of GaAs having regions of different conductivity forming a homojunction therein, a top passivating layer contacting the surface of the layer of GaAs which is incident to solar radiation, and a means for forming electrical contacts to the layer of GaAs opposed to solar radiation and the incident surface of the passivating layer.
摘要翻译：本发明是具有两个电池的机械堆叠的光伏电池的装置。底部电池具有具有不同导电性区域的GaSb层，其中形成均匀结。 GaSb层夹在导电基板和底部钝化层之间。底部电池是形成与基板和底部钝化层的入射表面的电接触的装置。顶部电池具有GaAs层，其具有不同导电性的区域，其中形成均质结，顶部钝化层接触入射到太阳辐射的GaAs层的表面，以及用于形成与GaAs相对的电接触的装置到太阳辐射和钝化层的入射表面。

4. 发明授权

US4829021A Process for vacuum chemical epitaxy 失效
标题翻译：真空化学外延工艺
公开(公告)号：US4829021A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-09
申请号：US130582
申请日：1987-12-09
申请人： Lewis M. Fraas , Paul S. McLeod , John A. Cape
发明人： Lewis M. Fraas , Paul S. McLeod , John A. Cape
IPC分类号： C30B25/02 , C30B25/14 , H01L21/205
CPC分类号： C30B25/02 , C30B25/14 , C30B29/40 , H01L21/02395 , H01L21/02463 , H01L21/02546 , H01L21/02576 , H01L21/0262 , Y10S148/057 , Y10S148/065 , Y10S148/11 , Y10S148/169
摘要： An injection block having a plurality of geometrically arranged injection sources for gaseous Group III metal organic compounds is oriented substantially perpendicular to the placement of at least one semiconductor wafer substrate within a vacuum reaction chamber. The injector sources are sized to provide disbursing flow of the compounds capable of depositing a layer of about 5% uniform thickness or less over substantially the entire semiconductor wafer. An injection source of Group V compounds is located centrally within the geometrically arranged injection sources for the Group III compounds. The Group V injection source is sized to supply an excess of the Group V compounds required to react with the Group III compounds in order to form Group III-V semiconductor layers on the substrate and partition the Group III sources into groups having substantially equal numbers of injection sources. An excess of Group V comounds is injected. The vacuum within the reaction chamber is adjusted at predetermined flow rates of the Group III compounds such that a mean-free path of the Group III compounds is greater than the distance from the injection source of the Group III compounds to the substrate. The substrate is heated to a temperature to which a reaction proceeds. The unreacted Group III compounds are exhausted from the vacuum chamber adjacent the edges of a substrate holder facing the top of the chamber opposite to the injection sources. In this manner, the disbursing flow of Group III compounds from the geometric arrangement of sources uniformly overlaps substantially the entire substrate and the algebraic sum of the fluxes from the Group III compound sources remains constant across the area of the substrate upon which the layer is to be deposited.
摘要翻译：具有用于气态III族金属有机化合物的多个几何排列的注入源的注入块基本上垂直于至少一个半导体晶片衬底在真空反应室内的放置。喷射器源的尺寸设置成提供能够在基本上整个半导体晶片上沉积约5％均匀厚度或更小厚度的层的化合物的散发流。第V族化合物的注入源位于第III族化合物的几何排列的注入源的中心。 V族注入源的大小适于提供与III族化合物反应所需的过量的V族化合物，以便在基材上形成III-V族半导体层，并将III族源分成具有基本相同数目的注射源。注入超过V组。在III族化合物的预定流速下调节反应室内的真空度，使得III族化合物的平均自由程大于从III族化合物的注入源到底物的距离。将基底加热到反应进行的温度。未反应的III族化合物从邻近位于与注入源相对的腔室顶部的衬底保持器的边缘的真空室中排出。以这种方式，来自源的几何排列的III族化合物的释放流动基本上与整个基底重叠，并且来自III族化合物源的通量的代数和在层之间的基底区域保持恒定存放

5. 发明授权

US4838201A Apparatus and process for vacuum chemical epitaxy 失效
标题翻译：真空化学外延的设备和工艺
公开(公告)号：US4838201A
公开(公告)日：1989-06-13
申请号：US941005
申请日：1986-12-12
申请人： Lewis M. Fraas , Paul S. McLeod , John A. Cape
发明人： Lewis M. Fraas , Paul S. McLeod , John A. Cape
IPC分类号： C30B25/02 , C30B25/14 , H01L21/205 , H01L21/338
CPC分类号： C30B25/02 , C30B25/14 , C30B29/40 , H01L29/66848
摘要： A vacuum chemical epitaxy apparatus comprising a first mixing chamber having an inlet for introducing a metal-organic gaseous materials and n-type and p-type dopants, and a plurality of outlets for directing the flow of said metal-organic gases and n-type and p-type dopants toward a substrate; a second mixing chamber disposed below said first chamber having an inlet for introducing a metal-organic gaseous material and n-type and p-type dopants, and a plurality of passages through said first chamber and an outlet for each passage, wherein the passage outlets are in substantially the same plane with the outlets of the first chamber; and means for exhausting the metal-organic gaseous materials and n-type and p-type dopants from the second chamber.
摘要翻译：一种真空化学外延装置，包括具有用于引入金属 - 有机气体材料和n型和p型掺杂剂的入口的第一混合室，以及用于引导所述金属 - 有机气体流动的多个出口和n型和p型掺杂剂朝向衬底; 设置在所述第一室下方的第二混合室具有用于引入金属有机气体材料和n型和p型掺杂剂的入口，以及通过所述第一室的多个通道和用于每个通道的出口，其中所述通道出口与第一室的出口处于大致相同的平面; 以及用于从第二室排出金属有机气体材料和n型和p型掺杂剂的装置。

6. 发明授权

US07994417B1 Optimal cell selection for series connection in Cassegrain PV module 失效
标题翻译：卡塞格兰光伏组件串联连接的最佳电池选择
公开(公告)号：US07994417B1
公开(公告)日：2011-08-09
申请号：US11710040
申请日：2007-02-23
申请人： Lewis M. Fraas
发明人： Lewis M. Fraas
IPC分类号： H01L31/0232
CPC分类号： H01L31/0735 , H01L31/0547 , H01L31/0549 , Y02E10/52 , Y02E10/544
摘要： A solar PV panel has an array of primary mirrors that collects and reflects solar radiation toward an array of dichroic secondary elements. The dichroic secondary elements reflect near-visible solar radiation to an array of near-visible radiation sensitive solar cells and simultaneously transmit infrared radiation to an array of infrared sensitive solar cells. The array of near-visible radiation sensitive cells and the array of infrared sensitive cells are wired in series. The optical properties of the dichoic secondary element, near-visible radiation sensitive cell, and IR sensitive cell are chosen for simultaneous maximum power production from the panel.
摘要翻译：太阳能光伏面板具有主反射镜阵列，其将太阳辐射收集并反射到二向色次要元件阵列。二向色次要元素将近似可见的太阳辐射反射到近似可见的辐射敏感太阳能电池阵列，同时将红外辐射传输到红外敏感太阳能电池阵列。接近可见的辐射敏感细胞阵列和红外敏感细胞阵列是串联的。选择双层次要元素，近可见辐射敏感细胞和红外敏感细胞的光学性质，以从面板同时进行最大功率产生。

7. 发明授权

US06489553B1 TPV cylindrical generator for home cogeneration 失效
标题翻译：用于家庭热电联产的TPV圆柱发电机
公开(公告)号：US06489553B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-03
申请号：US09866649
申请日：2001-05-30
申请人： Lewis M. Fraas , John E. Samaras , Leonid M. Minkin
发明人： Lewis M. Fraas , John E. Samaras , Leonid M. Minkin
IPC分类号： H01L31058
CPC分类号： H02S40/44 , H02S10/30 , Y02B10/10 , Y02B10/20 , Y02B10/70 , Y02E10/60
摘要： Our cylindrical TPV generator uses low bandgap PV cells mounted on circuits in a polygonal array around an IR emitter. The combustion gases are completely contained within the radiant tube burner. The PV array is mounted inside a leak-tight envelope cooled on its outer surface by either water or air flow. Flanges on either end of this PV array container allow for hermetic seals. A folded back coaxial emitter support tube provides a long path length limiting thermal conduction along its cylindrical wall from the very hot emitter section to the cooled seal flange. In our improved cylindrical TPV generator, we provide for a low temperature catalytic after-burn by providing a perforated turnaround plate coupling between the inner disk stack and the outer disk stack. This perforated turnaround plate provides a small amount of combustion air for the after-burn. A catalyst coating can be provided on the hotter surface of the outer finned disks. The after-burn occurs in the outer finned disk stack. Additional features are incorporated in our cylindrical TPV generator to provide for high conversion efficiency.
摘要翻译：我们的圆柱形TPV发生器使用安装在红外发射器周围的多边形阵列的电路上的低带隙光伏电池。燃烧气体完全包含在辐射管燃烧器内。 PV阵列安装在通过水或空气流在其外表面上冷却的密封信封内。该PV阵列容器两端的法兰允许气密密封。折叠的同轴发射器支撑管提供长路径长度，其限制从其非常热的发射极部分到冷却的密封凸缘的圆柱形壁的热传导。在我们改进的圆柱形TPV发电机中，我们通过在内盘堆叠和外盘堆叠之间提供穿孔的周转板联接来提供低温催化后燃烧。该穿孔的周转板为后燃烧提供少量燃烧空气。催化剂涂层可以设置在外翅片盘的较热表面上。后燃烧发生在外翅片盘堆中。我们的圆柱形TPV发生器中还加入了其他功能，以提供高转换效率。

8. 发明授权

US06353175B1 Two-terminal cell-interconnected-circuits using mechanically-stacked photovoltaic cells for line-focus concentrator arrays 失效
标题翻译：使用机械堆叠的光伏电池用于线焦点聚光器阵列的两端单元互连电路
公开(公告)号：US06353175B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-05
申请号：US09662722
申请日：2000-09-15
申请人： Lewis M. Fraas
发明人： Lewis M. Fraas
IPC分类号： H01L3105
CPC分类号： H01L31/0504 , B64G1/443 , H01L24/05 , H01L31/0201 , H01L31/0304 , H01L31/03046 , H01L31/043 , H01L31/044 , H01L2224/73265 , H01L2924/10157 , Y02E10/544
摘要： Two-terminal circuit has top and bottom cells bonded to an insulating substrate with the top cells bonded on top of the bottom cells. Bottom cells are connected in series through ribbon bonds. Top cells are connected in parallel through ribbon bonds. The ribbon bonds connect to the topsides of the top and bottom cells. The substrate contains metal die bonding pads for the base contacts to the bottom cells. Metal traces are provided for ribbon bond connections to emitter contacts for the bottom cells. A metal trace becomes a positive terminal pad for the bottom cells and a negative terminal for a second pad for the bottom cells. Two cell assemblies may be series connected by connecting positive top cell output connectors with negative pads of top cells in adjacent cell assemblies, and by connecting positive bottom cell output connectors with negative pads of bottom cells in adjacent assemblies.
摘要翻译：两端电路具有顶部和底部电池结合到绝缘衬底上，顶部电池结合在底部电池顶部。底部电池通过带状键连接在一起。顶部电池通过带状键并联连接。带状结合连接到顶部和底部电池的顶部。衬底包含用于与底部电池的基底接触的金属芯片接合焊盘。提供金属迹线用于带状键连接到底部电池的发射极触点。金属迹线成为底部电池的正极端子焊盘，而用于底部电池的第二焊盘的负极端子。两个电池组件可以通过将正极顶部电池输出连接器与相邻电池组件中的顶部电池的负极焊盘连接，并通过将正极底部电池输出连接器与相邻组件中的底部电池的负极连接来串联连接。

9. 发明授权

US06303853B1 Shingle circuits for thermophotovoltaic systems 有权
标题翻译：用于热光伏系统的电路
公开(公告)号：US06303853B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-16
申请号：US09506278
申请日：2000-02-17
申请人： Lewis M. Fraas , Wilbert E. Daniels , James E. Avery , John E. Samaras , Jason B. Keyes
发明人： Lewis M. Fraas , Wilbert E. Daniels , James E. Avery , John E. Samaras , Jason B. Keyes
IPC分类号： H01L3100
CPC分类号： H02S20/23 , Y02B10/12
摘要： A shingle circuit array and a method of assembling the shingle circuit is provided. The array has a shingle circuit with a substrate, an insulation film layer, a metal layer and TPV cells connected to the metal layer in series forming a shingle pattern with terraces. The substrate is of CTE matched material. The metal layer may be copper pads deposited on the terraces. The TPV cells are bonded to the copper pads and may be GaSb cells. Substrate materials include AlSiC or a Cu/Invar/Cu laminate sheet. The AlSiC material may be a microstructure having a continuous Al-metal phase with a discrete SiC particulate phase. The substrate may also be an enameled cast-iron substrate. The shingle circuit array may be provided in a TPV generator.
摘要翻译：提供了一种瓦片电路阵列和一种组装隔板电路的方法。该阵列具有带衬底的隔板电路，绝缘膜层，金属层和与金属层串联连接的TPV电池，形成具有梯形的瓦片图案。基材是CTE匹配材料。金属层可以是沉积在梯田上的铜垫。 TPV电池结合到铜焊盘并且可以是GaSb电池。基板材料包括AlSiC或Cu / Invar / Cu层压板。 AlSiC材料可以是具有连续的Al-金属相的微结构，其具有离散的SiC颗粒相。衬底也可以是漆包铸铁衬底。垫片电路阵列可以设置在TPV发生器中。

10. 发明授权

US6037536A TPV fireplace insert or TPV indoor heating stove 失效
标题翻译： TPV壁炉插件或TPV室内加热炉
公开(公告)号：US6037536A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-14
申请号：US280660
申请日：1999-03-29
申请人： Lewis M. Fraas
发明人： Lewis M. Fraas
IPC分类号： F23D14/12 , F24B1/187 , H01L31/04 , H01L31/101
CPC分类号： F24B1/187 , F23D14/125 , H02S10/30
摘要： The TPV generator unit insert has air circulation fans that supply air for both TPV cell cooling and heat transfer and room air circulation. Combustion air is supplied by a blower and mixed with natural gas or propane in a mixing chamber. Fuel and air mixing is enhanced by injecting the fuel counter to the air flow in an air supply tube within the mixing chamber. The fuel and air mixture is then injected into a combustion chamber and burned. The hot combustion gases then heat an IR emitter. Infrared radiation from the emitter is then incident on TPV cells, where electricity is produced. The hot by-product gases then transfer heat to the circulating room air in an upper plenum prior to exiting the room through the flue pipe. The yellow-orange glow from the emitter is visible through a front glass window, which then produces a very aesthetically pleasing effect. The rectangular unit is designed to include at least two cell panels at front and at the back. Each panel contains 40 cells and produces approximately 80 Watts. Each panel is approximately 2" high by 10" long. The unit then produces approximately 160 W for battery charging. The heat output is between 20,000 and 30,000 BTU per hour. The rectangular unit overall dimensions are 15" tall by 15" wide by 8" deep, though other dimensions and shapes are within the scope of this invention.
摘要翻译： TPV发电机单元插件具有空气循环风扇，用于为TPV电池冷却和热传递以及室内空气循环供应空气。燃烧空气由鼓风机供应并与天然气或丙烷混合在混合室中。通过将燃料计数器注入混合室内的空气供应管中的空气流来增强燃料和空气混合。然后将燃料和空气混合物注入燃烧室并燃烧。然后，热燃烧气体加热IR发射器。来自发射器的红外辐射然后入射到产生电的TPV电池上。然后，热的副产物气体在通过烟道管离开房间之前将热量传递到上部通风室中的循环室空气。来自发射器的黄橙色的光辉可以通过前玻璃窗看到，然后产生非常美观的效果。矩形单元被设计成在前面和后面包括至少两个单元面板。每个面板包含40个电池，产生约80瓦特。每个面板大约2英寸高10英寸。该单元然后产生大约160W的电池充电。热量输出在20,000和30,000BTU /小时之间。矩形单元的总尺寸是15“高15”宽8“深，尽管其他尺寸和形状都在本发明的范围内。

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