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    • 6. 发明授权
    • Plasma spraying process for preparing polycrystalline solar cells
    • 制备多晶太阳能电池的等离子体喷涂工艺
    • US4003770A
    • 1977-01-18
    • US561405
    • 1975-03-24
    • Richard J. JanowieckiMichael C. WillsonDouglas H. Harris
    • Richard J. JanowieckiMichael C. WillsonDouglas H. Harris
    • C23C4/04H01L21/00H01L31/0368H01L31/068H01L21/203H01L31/00
    • H01L31/068C23C4/04H01L21/00H01L31/03682Y02E10/546Y02E10/547Y10S148/049Y10S148/122
    • Polycrystalline silicon films useful in preparing solar cells primarily for terrestrial application are prepared by a plasma spraying process. A doped silicon powder is injected into a high temperature ionized gas (plasma) to become molten and to be sprayed onto a low-cost substrate. Upon cooling, a dense polycrystalline silicon film is obtained. A p-n junction is formed on the sprayed film by spray deposition, diffusion or ion implantation. A sprayed junction is produced by plasma spraying a thin layer of silicon of opposite polarity or type over the initially deposited doped film. In forming a diffused junction, dopant is applied over the surface of the initial plasma-sprayed film usually from the vapor phase and heat is used to cause the dopant to diffuse into the film to form a shallow layer of opposite polarity to that in the original film. A junction is also formed by implanting dopant ions in the surface of the originally deposited film by the use of electrical fields. When used in conjunction with ohmic contacts and electrical conductors, the p-n junctions produced using plasma-sprayed polycrystalline silicon films are formed into solar cells which are useful for directly converting sunlight into electricity by means of the photovoltaic effect.
    • 用于制备主要用于陆地应用的太阳能电池的多晶硅膜通过等离子体喷涂方法制备。 将掺杂的硅粉末注入到高温电离气体(等离子体)中以熔化并喷涂到低成本基材上。 冷却后,得到致密的多晶硅膜。 通过喷雾沉积,扩散或离子注入在喷涂膜上形成p-n结。 通过在初始沉积的掺杂膜上等离子体喷涂相反极性或类型的薄层硅来产生喷涂结。 在形成扩散结时,掺杂剂通常从气相中施加在初始等离子体喷涂膜的表面上,并且使用热使掺杂剂扩散到膜中以形成与原始反相极性相反的浅层 电影。 通过使用电场将掺杂剂离子注入原始沉积膜的表面中也形成结。 当与欧姆接触和电导体结合使用时,使用等离子体喷涂的多晶硅膜产生的p-n结被形成为太阳能电池,其可用于通过光伏效应直接将阳光转换成电。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Chemical analysis with coated, light waveguide under humidity control
    • 化学分析与涂层,光波导在湿度控制下
    • US4106909A
    • 1978-08-15
    • US781596
    • 1977-03-28
    • Donald J. DavidMichael C. Willson
    • Donald J. DavidMichael C. Willson
    • G01N21/77G01N33/00G01N21/00G01N21/46
    • G01N21/7703G01N33/0011Y10T436/15Y10T436/175383Y10T436/184Y10T436/186Y10T436/204998
    • A coated waveguide holder-humidifier to supply moisture in the case of moisture-sensitive reactions in order that quantitative results might be obtained with a gradient light analytical detector which will quantitatively measure atmospheric contaminants by comparing changes in light transmission through the coated waveguides before and after exposure. The coated waveguide holder-humidifier comprises a container, a porous material capable of absorbing water and desorbing water vapor mounted within the container, means to hold one or more waveguides within the container, and one or more openings in the container to allow fluid (liquid or gas) sample to contact a waveguide. Also, a method for improving the sensitivity of gaseous reactants on a waveguide where the reaction is moisture sensitive comprising humidifying the environment of said waveguide providing an atmosphere which has a substantially constant humidity normally in the range of 85 to 100% at which said reaction is not appreciably affected by changes in ambient relative humidity.
    • 一种涂层波导管加湿器,用于在潮湿敏感反应的情况下提供水分,以便可以通过梯度光分析检测器获得定量结果,梯度光分析检测器将通过比较前后涂层波导的透光率来定量测量大气污染物 曝光。 涂覆的波导保持器 - 加湿器包括容器,能够吸收水并解吸安装在容器内的水蒸气的多孔材料,用于在容器内容纳一个或多个波导的装置,以及容器中的一个或多个开口以允许流体 或气体)样品接触波导。 另外,提高气体反应物在波导上的敏感性的方法,其中反应是湿气敏感的,包括加湿所述波导的环境,提供具有基本上恒定的湿度的气氛,通常在85-100%的范围内,所述反应是 不受环境相对湿度变化的影响。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Waveguide holder-humidifier
    • 波导座加湿器
    • US4040691A
    • 1977-08-09
    • US724482
    • 1976-09-20
    • Donald J. DavidMichael C. Willson
    • Donald J. DavidMichael C. Willson
    • G01N21/77G01N33/00A47B81/00
    • G01N33/0011G01N21/7703Y10T436/172307Y10T436/175383Y10T436/18Y10T436/186Y10T436/204998
    • This invention is a coated waveguide holder-humdifier which is used to supply moisture in the case of moisture sensitive reactions in order that quantitative results might be obtained with a gradient light analytical detector which will quantitatively measure atmospheric contaminants by comparing changes in light transmission through the coated waveguides before and after exposure. The coated waveguide holder-humidifier comprises a container, a porous material capable of absorbing water and desorbing water vapor mounted within the container, means to hold one or more waveguides within the container, and one or more openings in the container to allow fluid (liquid or gas) sample to contact a waveguide. Also the invention is a method for improving the sensitivity of gaseous reactants on a waveguide where the reaction is moisture sensitive comprising humidifying the environment of said waveguide providing an atmosphere which has a substantially constant humidity normally in the range of 85% to 100% at which said reaction is not appreciably affected by changes in ambient relative humidity.
    • 本发明是一种涂覆的波导保持器 - 湿度计,用于在潮湿敏感反应的情况下提供湿气,以便可以用梯度光分析检测器获得定量结果,该检测器将通过比较通过 涂覆波导在曝光前后。 涂覆的波导保持器 - 加湿器包括容器,能够吸收水并解吸安装在容器内的水蒸气的多孔材料,用于在容器内容纳一个或多个波导的装置,以及容器中的一个或多个开口以允许流体 或气体)样品接触波导。 本发明还提供了一种用于提高气体反应物在波导上的灵敏度的方法,其中反应是湿气敏感的,包括加湿所述波导的环境,提供具有通常在85%至100%范围内的基本上恒定的湿度的气氛, 所述反应不受环境相对湿度变化的影响。