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1. 发明申请

US20080284411A1 Method and Circuit Provided for Measuring Very Low Intensity of Electric Current 有权
标题翻译：用于测量极低强度电流的方法和电路
公开(公告)号：US20080284411A1
公开(公告)日：2008-11-20
申请号：US11664110
申请日：2005-09-29
申请人： Vinko Kunc , Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc , Andrej Vodopivec
发明人： Vinko Kunc , Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc , Andrej Vodopivec
IPC分类号： G01R19/00 , G01R1/30
CPC分类号： G01R19/0092 , G01R19/0053
摘要： The measurement of a very low intensity of an electric current is carried out by integrating the electric current over integration cycles having a time period ti and measuring a peak value of a sawtooth voltage at an integrated circuit output each time at the end of the integration cycle, whereat noise voltage components of a frequency above a cut-off frequency, which has a value of the order of magnitude (0.1×2π×ti)−1, being parts of a voltage of a noise generated in an operational amplifier comprised in the integrated circuit are filtered out of the said sawtooth voltage and noise components, which have the origin in the high-frequency voltage components of Johnson noise, which appear in the low-frequency spectral part of the sawtooth voltage as aliasing, are subtracted from a filtered sawtooth voltage.A higher absolute accuracy of the measurement is achieved by means of a reduction of the direct as well as the aliasing contribution of the Johnson noise of the operational amplifier in the measuring circuit.
摘要翻译：通过对积分周期中的电流进行积分，并且在积分周期结束时每次集成电路输出测量每个集成电路输出的锯齿波电压的峰值，对电流强度进行测量，，其中具有大于数量级（0.1×2×1×1）的值的截止频率以上的频率的噪声电压分量是在操作中产生的噪声的电压的一部分包含在集成电路中的放大器的滤波器从出现在锯齿波电压的低频频谱部分中的约翰逊噪声的高频电压分量中产生的所述锯齿波电压和噪声分量滤除为混叠，从滤波的锯齿波电压中减去。通过减少测量电路中运算放大器的约翰逊噪声的直接以及混叠贡献，可以获得更高的绝对精度。

2. 发明授权

US08867989B2 Method for reducing a noise in a signal received in a contactless-card interrogator and a circuit to perform said method 有权
标题翻译：用于降低在非接触式卡片询问器中接收的信号中的噪声的方法和执行所述方法的电路
公开(公告)号：US08867989B2
公开(公告)日：2014-10-21
申请号：US12736504
申请日：2008-04-15
申请人： Vinko Kunc , Andrej Vodopivec , Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc , Anton Stern
发明人： Vinko Kunc , Andrej Vodopivec , Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc , Anton Stern
IPC分类号： H04B5/00 , G06K7/00
CPC分类号： G06K7/0008
摘要： A calibrating output signal of the transmitter is generated in an interrogator in that a first output signal of a local oscillator is shallowly amplitude-modulated with a pilot signal having a frequency at which a contactless-card encodes data. A receiver reference signal is generated by combining the calibrating output signal of the transmitter and a signal whose carrier signal has a frequency equaling the frequency of the local oscillator signals, conducting the combined signal through a band-pass filter and amplifying it. A first and a second receiver output signals are cleared by subtracting the receiver reference signal, which has been attenuated by a calibrated factor and has a calibrated polarity, from the first and the second receiver output signal, respectively. The attenuation factor and the polarity of the receiver reference signal are sporadically calibrated for each of both receiver output signals by determining and setting the attenuation factor and the polarity of the receiver reference signal as a pair of values for each of both receiver output signals, at which pair of values the first and the second cleared receiver output signals have the lowest amplitude. The signal-to-noise ratio for the interrogator receiver output signal is improved, because this signal no longer contains an amplitude noise of the interrogator transmitter.
摘要翻译：在询问器中产生发送器的校准输出信号，因为本地振荡器的第一输出信号用具有无线卡编码数据的频率的导频信号进行了浅幅度调制。通过组合发射机的校准输出信号和载波信号具有等于本地振荡器信号频率的频率的信号，通过带通滤波器进行组合信号并对其进行放大来生成接收机参考信号。通过从第一和第二接收机输出信号中分别减去已被校准因子衰减并具有校准极性的接收机参考信号来清除第一和第二接收机输出信号。通过将接收机参考信号的衰减因子和极性作为两个接收机输出信号中的每一个的一对值确定和设置，两个接收机输出信号中的每一个对接收机参考信号的衰减因子和极性进行偶尔校准，第一和第二清除的接收机输出信号的值对是最低的。由于该信号不再包含询问器发送器的幅度噪声，所以询问器接收器输出信号的信噪比得到改善。

3. 发明授权

US08315585B2 Method and circuit for a fast reduction in voltage of a DC component and low-frequency components at a mixing circuit output in a receiver of a UHF transceiver 有权
标题翻译：用于在UHF收发器的接收机中输出的混合电路中的直流分量和低频分量的电压的快速降低的方法和电路
公开(公告)号：US08315585B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-20
申请号：US12735721
申请日：2009-02-13
申请人： Vinko Kunc , Anton Stern , Andrej Vodopivec , Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc
发明人： Vinko Kunc , Anton Stern , Andrej Vodopivec , Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc
IPC分类号： H04B1/26
CPC分类号： H04B1/30
摘要： A difference between an output current signal (mos) of the mixing circuit (MC) and a current from a controlled current source (CCS) is conducted to an input of an operational amplifier (A). A control voltage (cv) for said current source is a voltage at the output of the operational amplifier (A) being filtered by a low-pass filter, whose limiting frequency equals a low frequency limit of the modulation signal in the received signal (rs). The method is speeded up in that the limiting frequency of the low-pass filter is increased by two to three orders of magnitude at the beginning and is gradually lowered to said value. A rather short time duration of the transient process is achieved so that the working point with a low voltage of the DC component and low-frequency components is set at least five times faster than so far.
摘要翻译：混合电路（MC）的输出电流信号（mos）和来自受控电流源（CCS）的电流之间的差异被传导到运算放大器（A）的输入端。所述电流源的控制电压（cv）是由低通滤波器滤波的运算放大器（A）的输出端的电压，其限制频率等于接收信号中的调制信号的低频极限（rs ）。该方法被加速，因为低通滤波器的限制频率在开始时增加了两到三个数量级，并且逐渐降低到所述值。实现瞬时过程的相当短的持续时间，使得具有低电压的DC分量和低频分量的工作点被设置为比迄今为止至少五倍。

4. 发明授权

US08138738B2 Method for regulating supply voltage 有权
标题翻译：调节电源电压的方法
公开(公告)号：US08138738B2
公开(公告)日：2012-03-20
申请号：US12450277
申请日：2007-03-19
申请人： Vinko Kunc , Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc , Andrej Vodopivec
发明人： Vinko Kunc , Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc , Andrej Vodopivec
IPC分类号： G05F1/40
CPC分类号： G05F1/56
摘要： According to the method for regulating the supply voltage of an electronic circuit a regulating element with variable resistivity and the outer supply voltage being applied to an input terminal of said regulating element is controlled by an amplified difference between a reference voltage and a part of a regulated supply voltage whereat at first an instant, on which the regulating circuit and the electronic circuit start operating, is detected, and then such value of the reference voltage is set on said instant that the regulated supply voltage will equal a maximum allowable supply voltage of the electronic circuit and the supplied electronic circuit puts itself in a state of a maximum current consumption. Then an operating voltage drop across said regulating element is measured at regular time intervals and the reference voltage is then each time reduced by one degree until said operating voltage drop is below or equals a chosen most appropriate value of said operating voltage drop. The supplied electronic circuit puts itself in a state of a normal current consumption when said operating voltage drop has exceeded the chosen most appropriate value of said voltage drop. According to a variant embodiment the operating voltage drop is then uninterruptedly measured and, if its value decreases below a chosen minimum value of said operating voltage drop due to a disturbance in the outer supply voltage, a flag is set in a memory in the case of a disturbance potentially dangerous to the electronic circuit.
摘要翻译：根据用于调节电子电路的电源电压的方法，具有可变电阻率的调节元件和施加到所述调节元件的输入端子的外部电源电压由参考电压和调节元件的一部分之间的放大差来控制检测到调节电路和电子电路开始工作的瞬间的电源电压，然后在所述调节电源电压等于最大允许电源电压的瞬间设定基准电压值电子电路和所提供的电子电路将自身置于最大电流消耗的状态。然后以规则的时间间隔测量跨越所述调节元件的工作电压降，然后每个时间将参考电压减小一度，直到所述工作电压降低于或等于所选工作电压降的最合适值。当所述工作电压降已经超过所选电压降最合适的值时，所提供的电子电路将自身置于正常的电流消耗状态。根据变型实施例，然后不间断地测量工作电压降，并且如果其值降低到由于外部电源电压中的干扰而导致的所述工作电压降的选定最小值，则在存储器中将标志设置在存储器中对电子电路有潜在危害的干扰。

5. 发明申请

US20110032080A1 METHOD FOR REDUCING A NOISE IN A SIGNAL RECEIVED IN A CONTACTLESS-CARD INTERROGATOR AND A CIRCUIT TO PERFORM SAID METHOD 有权
标题翻译：用于减少在接触卡式干扰器中接收的信号中的噪声的方法和用于执行所述方法的电路
公开(公告)号：US20110032080A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-10
申请号：US12736504
申请日：2008-04-15
申请人： Vinko Kunc , Andrej Vodopivec , Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc , Anton Stern
发明人： Vinko Kunc , Andrej Vodopivec , Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc , Anton Stern
IPC分类号： H04Q5/22
CPC分类号： G06K7/0008
摘要： A calibrating output signal of the transmitter is generated in an interrogator in that a first output signal of a local oscillator is shallowly amplitude-modulated with a pilot signal having a frequency at which a contactless-card encodes data. A receiver reference signal is generated by combining the calibrating output signal of the transmitter and a signal whose carrier signal has a frequency equaling the frequency of the local oscillator signals, conducting the combined signal through a band-pass filter and amplifying it. A first and a second receiver output signals are cleared by subtracting the receiver reference signal, which has been attenuated by a calibrated factor and has a calibrated polarity, from the first and the second receiver output signal, respectively. The attenuation factor and the polarity of the receiver reference signal are sporadically calibrated for each of both receiver output signals by determining and setting the attenuation factor and the polarity of the receiver reference signal as a pair of values for each of both receiver output signals, at which pair of values the first and the second cleared receiver output signals have the lowest amplitude. The signal-to-noise ratio for the interrogator receiver output signal is improved, because this signal no longer contains an amplitude noise of the interrogator transmitter.
摘要翻译：在询问器中产生发送器的校准输出信号，因为本地振荡器的第一输出信号用具有无线卡编码数据的频率的导频信号进行了浅幅度调制。通过组合发射机的校准输出信号和载波信号具有等于本地振荡器信号的频率的频率的信号，通过带通滤波器进行组合信号并对其进行放大来生成接收机参考信号。通过从第一和第二接收机输出信号中分别减去已被校准因子衰减并具有校准极性的接收机参考信号来清除第一和第二接收机输出信号。通过将接收机参考信号的衰减因子和极性作为两个接收机输出信号中的每一个的一对值确定和设置，两个接收机输出信号中的每一个对接收机参考信号的衰减因子和极性进行偶尔校准，第一和第二清除的接收机输出信号的值对是最低的。由于该信号不再包含询问器发送器的幅度噪声，所以询问器接收器输出信号的信噪比得到改善。

6. 发明申请

US20100090666A1 METHOD FOR REGULATING SUPPLY VOLTAGE 有权
公开(公告)号：US20100090666A1
公开(公告)日：2010-04-15
申请号：US12450277
申请日：2008-03-19
申请人： Vinko Kunc , Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc , Andrej Vodopivec
发明人： Vinko Kunc , Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc , Andrej Vodopivec
IPC分类号： G05F1/10
CPC分类号： G05F1/56
摘要： According to the method for regulating the supply voltage Uo of an electronic circuit a regulating element with variable resistivity and the outer supply voltage Ui being applied to an input terminal of said regulating element is controlled by an amplified difference between a reference voltage and a part of a regulated supply voltage Uo, whereat at first an instant, on which the regulating circuit and the electronic circuit start operating, is detected, and then such value of the reference voltage is set on said instant that the regulated supply voltage Uo will equal a maximum allowable supply voltage of the electronic circuit and the supplied electronic circuit puts itself in a state of a maximum current consumption. Then an operating voltage drop (Ui-Uo)w across said regulating element is measured at regular time intervals and the reference voltage is then each time reduced by one degree until said operating voltage drop (Ui-Uo)w is below or equals a chosen most appropriate value (Ui-Uo)optim of said operating voltage drop. The supplied electronic circuit puts itself in a state of a normal current consumption when said operating voltage drop (Ui-Uo)w has exceeded the chosen most appropriate value (Ui-Uo)optim of said voltage drop. According to a variant embodiment the operating voltage drop (Ui-Uo)w is then uninterruptedly measured and, if its value decreases below a chosen minimum value (Ui-Uo)min of said operating voltage drop due to a disturbance in the outer supply voltage Ui, a flag is set in a memory in the case of a disturbance potentially dangerous to the electronic circuit, which flag indicates that the electronic circuit should be supplied at said operating voltage drop (Ui-Uo)w increased for one degree &Dgr;Uow after a first operating start of the regulating circuit and the electronic circuit following the flag setting in the memory. The method of the invention for regulating the supply voltage makes possible an automatic setting the supply voltage to a highest possible value, whereat, however, its quality with respect to lowering the level of disturbances is guaranteed.

7. 发明申请

US20110034143A1 METHOD AND CIRCUIT FOR A FAST REDUCTION IN VOLTAGE OF A DC COMPONENT AND LOW-FREQUENCY COMPONENTS AT A MIXING CIRCUIT OUTPUT IN A RECEIVER OF A UHF TRANSCEIVER 有权
标题翻译：用于在UHF收发器的接收器中的混合电路输出中的直流分量和低频分量的电压中的快速降低的方法和电路
公开(公告)号：US20110034143A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-10
申请号：US12735721
申请日：2009-02-13
申请人： Vinko Kunc , Anton Stern , Andrej Vodopivec , Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc
发明人： Vinko Kunc , Anton Stern , Andrej Vodopivec , Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc
IPC分类号： H04B1/16
CPC分类号： H04B1/30
摘要： A difference between an output current signal (mos) of the mixing circuit (MC) and a current from a controlled current source (CCS) is conducted to an input of an operational amplifier (A). A control voltage (cv) for said current source is a voltage at the output of the operational amplifier (A) being filtered by a low-pass filter, whose limiting frequency equals a low frequency limit of the modulation signal in the received signal (rs). The method is speeded up in that the limiting frequency of the low-pass filter is increased by two to three orders of magnitude at the beginning and is gradually lowered to said value. A rather short time duration of the transient process is achieved so that the working point with a low voltage of the DC component and low-frequency components is set at least five times faster than so far.
摘要翻译：混合电路（MC）的输出电流信号（mos）和来自受控电流源（CCS）的电流之间的差异被传导到运算放大器（A）的输入端。所述电流源的控制电压（cv）是由低通滤波器滤波的运算放大器（A）的输出端的电压，其限制频率等于接收信号中的调制信号的低频极限（rs ）。该方法被加速，因为低通滤波器的限制频率在开始时增加了两到三个数量级，并且逐渐降低到所述值。实现瞬时过程的相当短的持续时间，使得具有低电压的DC分量和低频分量的工作点被设置为比迄今为止至少五倍。

8. 发明授权

US07696742B2 Method and circuit for reducing noise when measuring intensity of electric current 有权
标题翻译：测量电流强度时减少噪音的方法和电路
公开(公告)号：US07696742B2
公开(公告)日：2010-04-13
申请号：US11664110
申请日：2005-09-29
申请人： Vinko Kunc , Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc , Andrej Vodopivec
发明人： Vinko Kunc , Maja Atanasijevic-Kunc , Andrej Vodopivec
IPC分类号： G01R19/00 , G01R1/30
CPC分类号： G01R19/0092 , G01R19/0053
摘要： The measurement of a very low intensity of an electric current is carried out by 5 integrating the electric current over integration cycles having a time period ti and measuring a peak value of a sawtooth voltage at an integrated circuit output each time at the end of the integration cycle, whereat noise voltage components of a frequency above a cut-off frequency, which has a value of the order of magnitude (0,1×2π×ti)−1, being parts of a voltage of a noise generated in an operational amplifier comprised in the integrated circuit are filtered out of the said sawtooth voltage and noise components, which have the origin in the high-frequency voltage components of Johnson noise, which appear in the low-frequency spectral part of the sawtooth voltage as aliasing, are subtracted from a filtered sawtooth voltage. A higher absolute accuracy of the measurement is achieved by means of a reduction of the direct as well as the aliasing contribution of the Johnson noise of the operational amplifier in the measuring circuit.
摘要翻译：电流强度非常低的测量是通过在积分循环中积分电流来实现的，该积分周期具有时间段ti，并且在积分结束时每次集成电路输出测量集成电路输出端的锯齿波电压的峰值其中具有数值级（0,1×2＆pgr;×ti）-1的值的截止频率以上的频率的噪声电压分量是在操作中产生的噪声的电压的一部分包含在集成电路中的放大器的滤波器从出现在锯齿波电压的低频频谱部分中的约翰逊噪声的高频电压分量中产生的所述锯齿波电压和噪声分量滤除为混叠，从滤波的锯齿波电压中减去。通过减少测量电路中运算放大器的约翰逊噪声的直接以及混叠贡献，可以获得更高的绝对精度。

9. 发明申请

US20080204083A1 Voltage Comparator 有权
标题翻译：电压比较器
公开(公告)号：US20080204083A1
公开(公告)日：2008-08-28
申请号：US11667405
申请日：2005-11-09
申请人： Vinko Kunc , Andrej Vodopivec
发明人： Vinko Kunc , Andrej Vodopivec
IPC分类号： H03K5/24
CPC分类号： H03K5/2481
摘要： Output currents from differentially connected transistors (t1, t2) in a voltage comparator are subtracted from each other and the current difference is converted into voltage, which is amplified and conducted to a gate terminal (gtst) of a switching transistor (t7) at the input of an output stage. A source of a limiting transistor (t8′), whose gate is connected to a terminal (vsn) of the low supply voltage through two series-connected and diode-connected transistors (t8″, t8′″) is connected to the gate terminal (gtst). The voltage at the gate terminal (gtst) when the switching transistor (t7) is quiescent is equal to a value between eight and nine tenths of the switching voltage Vsw at the gate of said transistor, at which voltage said transistor triggers a switching in the output stage. Said transistors are of the same type with a similar geometry and they operate in similar current conditions.The voltage comparator of the invention achieves a fast response to an input voltage change at one direction of the sign reversal of the difference of the input voltages. It is robust and reliable with regard to temperature variations and any change in the technological layout.
摘要翻译：将电压比较器中差分连接的晶体管（t 1，t 2）的输出电流相互减去，并将电流差转换为电压，该电压被放大并传导到开关晶体管的栅极端子（gtst））在输出级的输入端。通过两个串联和二极管连接的晶体管（t 8“，t 8”“），其栅极连接到低电源电压的端子（vsn）的限制晶体管（t 8'）的源极是连接到门终端（gtst）。当开关晶体管（t 7）静止时，栅极端子处的电压（gtst）等于所述晶体管的栅极处的开关电压Vsw的八到九分之一的值，输出阶段。所述晶体管具有相似的几何形状的类型，并且它们在类似的电流条件下工作。本发明的电压比较器实现对输入电压差的符号反转的一个方向上的输入电压变化的快速响应。对于温度变化和技术布局的任何变化，它是可靠和可靠的。

10. 发明授权

US06819169B1 Isolation interface with capacitive barrier and method for transmitting a signal by means of such isolation interface 有权
标题翻译：具有电容性屏障的隔离接口和通过这种隔离接口发送信号的方法
公开(公告)号：US06819169B1
公开(公告)日：2004-11-16
申请号：US10626862
申请日：2003-07-25
申请人： Vinko Kunc , Andrej Vodopivec
发明人： Vinko Kunc , Andrej Vodopivec
IPC分类号： G06G712
CPC分类号： H04L25/0266 , H04L25/085 , H04L25/4902
摘要： A transmission of a signal through an isolation interface with a capacitive barrier is performed so that in an input circuit of the interface by integrating with an appropriate time constant the slope rates of the edges of signal replicas U1o± of the transmitted input signal Ui are adjusted and that the said signal replicas are differentiated either in an appropriate differentiating unit, whereat the time constants of these differentiating units are shorter than the rising and falling-off times of the signal replicas and are advantageously in the order of magnitude of 1 nanosecond or below. Therefore, in a circuit on the output side of the capacitive barrier no amplifier in front of voltage comparators is needed, which makes it possible that the pulse width is maintained extremely precisely. The data transmission is immune from the fast variation in the order of magnitude of 10 kV/&mgr;s of the potential difference between the voltage supplying sources for the input and the output circuits. By the invention a digital data transmission up to the frequency of 100 MHz is rendered possible.
摘要翻译：执行通过具有电容性屏障的隔离接口的信号的传输，使得在接口的输入电路中通过与适当的时间常数进行积分，调整发射的输入信号Ui的信号副本U1o±的边沿的斜率并且所述信号副本在适当的微分单元中被区分，其中这些微分单元的时间常数比信号副本的上升和下降时间短，并且有利地在1纳秒或更低的量级。因此，在电容性屏障的输出侧的电路中，不需要在电压比较器前面的放大器，这使得脉冲宽度可以保持非常精确。数据传输免受输入和输出电路的电压源之间的电位差10千伏/立方米的快速变化。通过本发明，可以实现高达100MHz频率的数字数据传输。

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