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1. 发明授权

US09562202B2 Synergistic mixture 有权
标题翻译：协同混合
公开(公告)号：US09562202B2
公开(公告)日：2017-02-07
申请号：US14037692
申请日：2013-09-26
申请人： BASF SE
发明人： Arno Lange , Dietmar Posselt
IPC分类号： C10M133/48 , C10L1/14 , C10L1/233 , C10L1/24 , C10L10/00 , C10L10/04 , C10M141/08 , C10M163/00 , C10M165/00 , C10L1/18 , C10L1/22 , C10M135/24 , C10L1/16 , C10L1/182 , C10L1/183 , C10L1/228 , C10L1/232 , C10L1/238 , C10L1/26 , C10L1/223 , C10L1/236
CPC分类号： C10L1/143 , C10L1/14 , C10L1/1616 , C10L1/18 , C10L1/1824 , C10L1/1832 , C10L1/22 , C10L1/2235 , C10L1/2283 , C10L1/232 , C10L1/233 , C10L1/2335 , C10L1/236 , C10L1/238 , C10L1/24 , C10L1/2406 , C10L1/2412 , C10L1/2418 , C10L1/2425 , C10L1/2443 , C10L1/245 , C10L1/2456 , C10L1/2475 , C10L1/265 , C10L10/00 , C10L10/04 , C10L2200/0259 , C10L2200/0263 , C10L2230/081 , C10L2250/04 , C10L2270/04 , C10L2290/24 , C10M133/48 , C10M135/24 , C10M141/08 , C10M163/00 , C10M165/00 , C10M2215/042 , C10M2215/225 , C10M2217/043 , C10M2219/022 , C10M2219/06 , C10M2219/062 , C10M2219/082 , C10M2219/083 , C10M2219/084 , C10M2219/086 , C10M2219/09 , C10M2219/102 , C10M2219/104 , C10M2221/041 , C10M2223/045 , C10N2230/08 , C10N2230/10 , C10N2210/02
摘要： A synergistic mixture comprising from 1 to 99.9% by weight of compounds having structural elements (I) in which the free valencies on the oxygen atom and on the nitrogen atom may be combined to form a five-, six- or seven-membered ring and the benzene ring may also bear substituents at one or more of the free positions, and from 0.1 to 99% by weight of sulfur-containing organic compounds with antioxidant action. This synergistic mixture is suitable as a stabilizer for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially mineral oil products and fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.
摘要翻译：包含1至99.9重量％的具有结构元素（I）的化合物，其中氧原子和氮原子上的自由基可以结合形成五元，六元或七元环，苯环还可以在一个或多个自由位置上具有取代基，并且还可以具有0.1至99重量％的具有抗氧化作用的含硫有机化合物。这种协同混合物适用于稳定无生命有机材料，特别是矿物油产品和燃料的稳定剂，抵抗光，氧和热的作用。

2. 发明授权

US08709110B2 Use of carotenoid (ester)s 有权
标题翻译：使用类胡萝卜素（酯）
公开(公告)号：US08709110B2
公开(公告)日：2014-04-29
申请号：US12921622
申请日：2009-03-11
申请人： Max Hugentobler , Steffen Ruf , Bettina Wuestenberg
发明人： Max Hugentobler , Steffen Ruf , Bettina Wuestenberg
IPC分类号： C10L1/18
CPC分类号： C10L1/1826 , C10L1/14 , C10L1/1608 , C10L1/1811 , C10L1/183 , C10L1/1852 , C10L1/1881 , C10L1/19 , C10L1/191 , C10L1/223 , C10L1/231 , C10L1/232 , C10L1/2456 , C10L1/2641 , C10L10/02
摘要： The present invention relates to a composition comprising a) a substance selected from the group of astaxanthinmonoalkanoylesters, astaxanthindialkanoylesters, isozeaxanthin, isozeaxanthinmonoalkanoylesters, isozeaxanthindialkanoylesters and mixtures thereof; and b) a substance selected from the group of alkyl nitrates, nitrooxy esters of alkoxy substituted aliphatic alcohols and organic peroxides; as well as to a change in oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons, especially fuels, admixed to these compositions. The invention also relates to a composition comprising a) a compound selected from the group consisting of astaxanthinmonoalkanoylesters, astaxanthindialkanoylesters, iso-zeaxanthin, iso-zeaxanthinmonoalkanoylesters, iso-zeaxanthindialkanoylesters and mixtures thereof; and c) a fuel. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a composition comprising a) a compound selected from the group consisting of astaxanthinmonoalkanoylesters, astaxanthindialkanoylesters, isozeaxanthin, isozeaxanthinmonoalkanoylesters, isozeaxanthindialkanoylesters and mixtures thereof; and b) a compound selected from the group of alkyl nitrates, nitrooxy esters of alkoxy substituted aliphatic alcohols, organic peroxides and mixtures thereof; and d) a stabilizing compound; and e) optionally a solvent.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种组合物，该组合物包含：a）选自虾青素单烷基酯，虾青素烷基酯，亚甲基黄豆蛋白，异山莨菪碱单烷酰基酯，异葎草酮烷酰基酯及其混合物的物质; 和b）选自硝酸烷基酯，烷氧基取代的脂族醇的硝基氧基酯和有机过氧化物的物质; 以及与这些组合物混合的烃，特别是燃料的氧化反应的变化。本发明还涉及一种组合物，其包含：a）选自虾青素单烷酰基酯，虾青素烷基酯，异玉米黄质，异玉米黄质单烷酰基酯，异玉米黄质烷酰基酯及其混合物的化合物; 和c）燃料。此外，本发明涉及一种组合物，其包含：a）选自虾青素单烷基酯，虾青素烷基酯，次黄豆蛋白，异山莨菪碱单烷酰基酯，异葎草酮烷酰基酯及其混合物的化合物; 和b）选自硝酸烷基酯，烷氧基取代的脂族醇的硝基氧基酯，有机过氧化物及其混合物的化合物; 和d）稳定化合物; 和e）任选的溶剂。

3. 发明申请

US20110119995A1 NOVEL USE OF CAROTENOID (ESTER)S 有权
标题翻译： CARETENOID（ESTER）的新用途
公开(公告)号：US20110119995A1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-26
申请号：US12921622
申请日：2009-03-11
申请人： Max Hugentobler , Steffen Ruf , Bettina Wuestenberg
发明人： Max Hugentobler , Steffen Ruf , Bettina Wuestenberg
IPC分类号： C10L1/18
CPC分类号： C10L1/1826 , C10L1/14 , C10L1/1608 , C10L1/1811 , C10L1/183 , C10L1/1852 , C10L1/1881 , C10L1/19 , C10L1/191 , C10L1/223 , C10L1/231 , C10L1/232 , C10L1/2456 , C10L1/2641 , C10L10/02
摘要： The present invention relates to a composition comprising a) a substance selected from the group of astaxanthinmonoalkanoylesters, astaxanthindialkanoylesters, isozeaxanthin, isozeaxanthinmonoalkanoylesters, isozeaxanthindialkanoylesters and mixtures thereof; and b) a substance selected from the group of alkyl nitrates, nitrooxy esters of alkoxy substituted aliphatic alcohols and organic peroxides; as well as to a change in oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons, especially fuels, admixed to these compositions. The invention also relates to a composition comprising a) a compound selected from the group consisting of astaxanthinmonoalkanoylesters, astaxanthindialkanoylesters, iso-zeaxanthin, iso-zeaxanthinmonoalkanoylesters, iso-zeaxanthindialkanoylesters and mixtures thereof; and c) a fuel. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a composition comprising a) a compound selected from the group consisting of astaxanthinmonoalkanoylesters, astaxanthindialkanoylesters, isozeaxanthin, isozeaxanthinmonoalkanoylesters, isozeaxanthindialkanoylesters and mixtures thereof; and b) a compound selected from the group of alkyl nitrates, nitrooxy esters of alkoxy substituted aliphatic alcohols, organic peroxides and mixtures thereof; and d) a stabilizing compound; and e) optionally a solvent.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种组合物，该组合物包含：a）选自虾青素单烷基酯，虾青素烷基酯，亚甲基黄豆蛋白，异山莨菪碱单烷酰基酯，异葎草酮烷酰基酯及其混合物的物质; 和b）选自硝酸烷基酯，烷氧基取代的脂族醇的硝基氧基酯和有机过氧化物的物质; 以及与这些组合物混合的烃，特别是燃料的氧化反应的变化。本发明还涉及一种组合物，其包含：a）选自虾青素单烷酰基酯，虾青素烷基酯，异玉米黄质，异玉米黄质单烷酰基酯，异玉米黄质烷酰基酯及其混合物的化合物; 和c）燃料。此外，本发明涉及一种组合物，其包含：a）选自虾青素单烷基酯，虾青素烷基酯，次黄豆蛋白，异山莨菪碱单烷酰基酯，异葎草酮烷酰基酯及其混合物的化合物; 和b）选自硝酸烷基酯，烷氧基取代的脂族醇的硝基氧基酯，有机过氧化物及其混合物的化合物; 和d）稳定化合物; 和e）任选的溶剂。

4. 发明授权

US07824454B2 Fuel composition for rectifying fuel gauge sending unit problems 有权
标题翻译：燃油组件用于整改燃油表发电机组的问题
公开(公告)号：US07824454B2
公开(公告)日：2010-11-02
申请号：US10920491
申请日：2004-08-17
申请人： Stephen M. Moore
发明人： Stephen M. Moore
IPC分类号： C10L10/18 , C10L1/228
CPC分类号： C10L10/04 , C10L1/143 , C10L1/238 , C10L1/2456 , C10L1/2475
摘要： A unique combination of a certain poly(oxyalkylene) amine and a thiadiazole compound when employed as a fuel additive in a hydrocarbon fuel such as gasoline or diesel fuel will preclude fuel gauge sending units from sustaining sulfur-related corrosion damage or restore fuel gauge sending units, particularly silver-based fuel gauge sending units, in vehicle fuel storage tanks to like-new operational condition. Moreover, a method suitable for use in precluding fuel gauge sending units from sustaining sulfur-related corrosion damage or restoring silver-based fuel gauge sending units in gasoline or diesel vehicle fuel storage tanks to like-new operational condition using the combination of a certain poly(oxyalkylene) amine and a thiadiazole compound as a fuel additive is also described.
摘要翻译：当作为燃料添加剂在烃燃料如汽油或柴油燃料中使用时，某种聚（氧化烯）胺和噻二唑化合物的独特组合将排除燃油表发送装置承受与硫有关的腐蚀损坏或恢复燃油表发送装置特别是银质燃料表发送单元，在车辆燃料储罐中，以达到新的运行状态。而且，一种适用于排除燃料计量发送单元从维持硫磺相关腐蚀损坏或将汽油或柴油车辆燃料储罐中的银基燃料计量发送单元恢复到类似新操作条件的方法，使用某种聚（氧化烯）胺和噻二唑化合物作为燃料添加剂。

5. 发明授权

US07427303B2 Surfactant composition including ethoxylate of CNSL 有权
标题翻译：包括CNSL的乙氧基化物的表面活性剂组合物
公开(公告)号：US07427303B2
公开(公告)日：2008-09-23
申请号：US10494385
申请日：2002-08-27
申请人： Rakesh Sarin , Deepak Kumar Tuli , Shanti Parkash , Krishan Kumar Swami , Rajiv Ranjan , Ram Prakash Verma , Niranjan Raghunath Raje , Akhilesh Kumar Bhatnagar
发明人： Rakesh Sarin , Deepak Kumar Tuli , Shanti Parkash , Krishan Kumar Swami , Rajiv Ranjan , Ram Prakash Verma , Niranjan Raghunath Raje , Akhilesh Kumar Bhatnagar
IPC分类号： C10L1/32
CPC分类号： C10L1/328 , C10L1/1852 , C10L1/191 , C10L1/1985 , C10L1/2225 , C10L1/231 , C10L1/238 , C10L1/2383 , C10L1/2456
摘要： The present invention relates a surfactant composition for use as an emulsifier in water blended fuel mixture. The said composition includes ethoxylate of cashew nut shell liquid. In addition ethoxylate of cashew nut shell liquid, the said composition comprises a co-surfactant having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance in the range of 4 to 12 and a polymeric dispersant. The water blended fuel mixture using emulsifiers of the present invention, overcome some of the shortcomings of the previously known emulsions. The ethoxylate of cashew nut shell liquid is of the formula (I).
摘要翻译：本发明涉及在水混合燃料混合物中用作乳化剂的表面活性剂组合物。所述组合物包括腰果壳液体的乙氧基化物。此外，腰果壳液体的乙氧基化物，所述组合物包含亲水亲油平衡在4至12范围内的助表面活性剂和聚合物分散剂。使用本发明的乳化剂的水混合燃料混合物克服了先前已知的乳液的一些缺点。腰果壳液的乙氧基化物为式（I）。

6. 发明申请

US20040244277A1 Strained ring compounds as combustion improvers for normally liquid fuels 审中-公开
标题翻译：应变环化合物作为常规液体燃料的燃烧改进剂
公开(公告)号：US20040244277A1
公开(公告)日：2004-12-09
申请号：US10488637
申请日：2004-03-04
发明人： Mark R. Baker , Daniel T. Daly
IPC分类号： C10L001/10
CPC分类号： C10L1/1824 , C10L1/10 , C10L1/125 , C10L1/1266 , C10L1/14 , C10L1/143 , C10L1/1608 , C10L1/1805 , C10L1/1811 , C10L1/1826 , C10L1/1852 , C10L1/1855 , C10L1/1857 , C10L1/188 , C10L1/1881 , C10L1/1883 , C10L1/19 , C10L1/1963 , C10L1/1966 , C10L1/198 , C10L1/1985 , C10L1/221 , C10L1/2222 , C10L1/2225 , C10L1/224 , C10L1/226 , C10L1/2283 , C10L1/23 , C10L1/231 , C10L1/232 , C10L1/233 , C10L1/2364 , C10L1/2366 , C10L1/238 , C10L1/2383 , C10L1/2431 , C10L1/2437 , C10L1/2443 , C10L1/245 , C10L1/2456 , C10L1/328 , C10L10/02
摘要： Fuel compositions comprising a major amount of a normally liquid hydrocarbon based fuel and a minor amount of a compound having at least one strained ring group containing from 3 to 5 ring atoms.
摘要翻译：燃料组合物包含主要量的正常液态烃基燃料和少量具有至少一个含有3至5个环原子的应变环的化合物。

7. 发明申请

US20010044388A1 Nitrogen containing dispersant-viscosity improvers 失效
标题翻译：含氮分散剂 - 粘度改进剂
公开(公告)号：US20010044388A1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-22
申请号：US09815604
申请日：2001-03-23
申请人： The Lubrizol Corporation
发明人： Matthew R. Sivik , Richard M. Lange , Daniel M. Vargo , Paul E. Adams
IPC分类号： C10M101/00
CPC分类号： C10L1/238 , C10L1/143 , C10L1/1608 , C10L1/1616 , C10L1/198 , C10L1/221 , C10L1/232 , C10L1/2383 , C10L1/2406 , C10L1/2456 , C10L1/2475 , C10L1/2493 , C10L1/303 , C10M133/58 , C10M143/00 , C10M151/00 , C10M2209/084 , C10M2215/04 , C10M2215/042 , C10M2215/064 , C10M2215/22 , C10M2215/221 , C10M2215/225 , C10M2215/226 , C10M2215/26 , C10M2215/30 , C10M2217/00 , C10M2217/02 , C10M2217/028 , C10M2217/04 , C10M2217/046 , C10M2217/06 , C10M2219/046 , C10M2219/087 , C10M2219/088 , C10M2219/089 , C10M2221/041 , C10M2223/045 , C10M2229/02 , C10M2229/05 , C10N2210/02 , C10N2240/10 , C10N2240/101 , C10N2240/104 , C10N2240/106
摘要： A composition comprising a hydrocarbon polymer having attached thereto pendant groups Aa and Bb wherein each A is independently selected from members of the group consisting of: groups of the formula 1 and each B is independently selected from members of the group of formula: 2 wherein each X is independently O, S, or NRb, and each Z is independently a group of the formula 3 Ra is an ethylene group, a propylene group, which groups optionally have hydrocarbyl or hydroxyhydrocarbyl substituents, or 4 wherein J is H, SH, NH2, or OH, and tautomers thereof; a is 0 or a number ranging from 1 to about 50, and b is a number ranging from 1 to about 30; wherein each of the groups is defined in greater detail herein.
摘要翻译：一种组合物，其包含其上附着有侧基Aa和Bb的烃聚合物，其中每个A独立地选自下列成员：下式的基团，每个B独立地选自下式基团的成员：其中每个X是独立地是O，S或NRb，并且每个Z独立地是下式的基团：Ra是亚乙基，丙烯基，其任选具有烃基或羟基烃基取代基，或其中J是H，SH，NH 2或OH，及其互变异构体 a为0或数1至约50的数，b为1至约30的数; 其中每个组在本文中更详细地定义。

8. 发明授权

US06207839B1 Process for preparing compositions useful as intermediates for preparing lubricating oil and fuel additives 失效
标题翻译：制备用作制备润滑油和燃料添加剂的中间体的组合物的方法
公开(公告)号：US06207839B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-27
申请号：US09129329
申请日：1998-08-05
申请人： Mark R. Baker
发明人： Mark R. Baker
IPC分类号： C07D31300
CPC分类号： C07D307/33 , C07D309/30 , C08F8/10 , C10L1/143 , C10L1/1616 , C10L1/1641 , C10L1/1691 , C10L1/1802 , C10L1/1817 , C10L1/1824 , C10L1/1832 , C10L1/1881 , C10L1/1883 , C10L1/1905 , C10L1/191 , C10L1/198 , C10L1/1985 , C10L1/201 , C10L1/221 , C10L1/2225 , C10L1/224 , C10L1/232 , C10L1/233 , C10L1/238 , C10L1/2383 , C10L1/2406 , C10L1/2456 , C10L1/2493 , C10L1/2691 , C10L1/303 , C10L1/306 , C10L10/00 , C10L10/02 , C10M129/92 , C10M133/52 , C10M159/12 , C10M167/00 , C10M2203/02 , C10M2203/022 , C10M2203/024 , C10M2203/04 , C10M2203/10 , C10M2203/102 , C10M2203/104 , C10M2203/106 , C10M2203/108 , C10M2205/026 , C10M2205/06 , C10M2207/023 , C10M2207/026 , C10M2207/027 , C10M2207/028 , C10M2207/08 , C10M2207/123 , C10M2207/124 , C10M2207/128 , C10M2207/129 , C10M2207/22 , C10M2207/26 , C10M2207/262 , C10M2207/40 , C10M2207/402 , C10M2207/404 , C10M2209/086 , C10M2215/02 , C10M2215/04 , C10M2215/06 , C10M2215/064 , C10M2215/065 , C10M2215/066 , C10M2215/067 , C10M2215/068 , C10M2215/086 , C10M2215/24 , C10M2215/26 , C10M2215/28 , C10M2217/00 , C10M2217/02 , C10M2217/028 , C10M2217/04 , C10M2217/046 , C10M2217/06 , C10M2219/02 , C10M2219/046 , C10M2219/066 , C10M2219/084 , C10M2219/087 , C10M2219/088 , C10M2219/089 , C10M2223/02 , C10M2223/04 , C10M2223/042 , C10M2223/045 , C10M2223/047 , C10M2223/049 , C10M2223/10 , C10M2227/061 , C10M2229/02 , C10M2229/04 , C10M2229/041 , C10M2229/042 , C10M2229/05 , C10N2210/02 , C10N2240/08 , C10N2270/02 , C08F110/10
摘要： A process for reacting olefinic compounds, certain carboxylic reactants, and aldehydes or ketones and products prepared by the process. The compositions of the process are useful as intermediates for the preparation of additives for lubricants and fuels.
摘要翻译：使烯烃化合物，某些羧基反应物和醛或酮和通过该方法制备的产物反应的方法。该方法的组合物可用作制备用于润滑剂和燃料的添加剂的中间体。

9. 发明授权

US5525516A Method for tagging petroleum products 失效
标题翻译：标记石油产品的方法
公开(公告)号：US5525516A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-11
申请号：US315386
申请日：1994-09-30
申请人： James J. Krutak , Michael R. Cushman , Max A. Weaver
发明人： James J. Krutak , Michael R. Cushman , Max A. Weaver
IPC分类号： C10L1/00 , C10L1/22 , C10L1/232 , C10L1/24 , C10L1/28 , C10L1/30 , C10M171/00 , G01N21/64
CPC分类号： C10L1/003 , C10L1/232 , C10L1/24 , C10L1/28 , C10L1/30 , C10L1/301 , C10M171/007 , G01N33/2882 , C10L1/233 , C10L1/2406 , C10L1/2412 , C10L1/2418 , C10L1/2431 , C10L1/2437 , C10L1/245 , C10L1/2456 , C10L1/305 , C10L1/308 , Y10T436/13
摘要： This invention provides a method for imparting invisible markings for identification purposes to petroleum hydrocarbons by incorporating one or more infrared fluorescing compounds therein. Certain infrared fluorophores from the classes of squaraines (derived from squaric acid), phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines are useful in providing invisibly marked petroleum hydrocarbons such as crude oil, lubricating oils, waxes, gas oil (furnace oil), diesel oil, kerosene and in particular gasoline. The near infrared fluorophores are added to the hydrocarbons at extremely low levels and are detected by exposing the marked hydrocarbon compositions to near infrared radiation having a wavelength in the 670-850 nm range and then detecting the emitted fluorescent light via near infrared light detection means.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种通过在其中掺入一种或多种红外荧光化合物来赋予石油烃识别目的的不可见标记的方法。来自方酸类（衍生自方酸），酞菁和萘酞菁的某些红外荧光团可用于提供不可见的石油烃，例如原油，润滑油，蜡，瓦斯油（炉油），柴油，煤油，特别是汽油。将近红外荧光团以非常低的水平添加到烃中，并通过将标记的烃组合物暴露于具有670-850nm范围内的波长的近红外辐射，然后通过近红外光检测装置检测发射的荧光来检测。

10. 发明授权

US5512068A Reducing deposit formation in diesel engines 失效
标题翻译：减少柴油发动机的沉积物形成
公开(公告)号：US5512068A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-30
申请号：US527279
申请日：1995-09-12
申请人： Anthony J. Rollin , William J. Colucci , Isaac L. Smith
发明人： Anthony J. Rollin , William J. Colucci , Isaac L. Smith
IPC分类号： C10L1/12 , C10L1/14 , C10L1/16 , C10L1/18 , C10L1/198 , C10L1/22 , C10L1/233 , C10L1/238 , C10L1/24 , C10L1/26 , C10L1/30 , C10L10/00 , F02B1/04
CPC分类号： C10L1/143 , C10L1/1855 , C10L1/198 , C10L1/233 , C10L1/238 , C10L10/04 , C10L1/1608 , C10L1/1616 , C10L1/1805 , C10L1/1824 , C10L1/1832 , C10L1/1835 , C10L1/1852 , C10L1/1883 , C10L1/1888 , C10L1/1905 , C10L1/191 , C10L1/1985 , C10L1/2222 , C10L1/2225 , C10L1/223 , C10L1/224 , C10L1/2283 , C10L1/232 , C10L1/2383 , C10L1/2387 , C10L1/2437 , C10L1/2456 , C10L1/2475 , C10L1/2633 , C10L1/305 , F02B1/04
摘要： The invention relates to overcoming a new deposit problem, namely the formation on injector components and intake valves of diesel engines of deposits containing a substantial amount of inorganic material along with some organic binder materials. This problem has been traced to the presence of trace amounts of alkali metal salts in the fuel composition, and the invention overcomes the problem by including in such fuels a minor amount of at least one fuel-soluble complexing agent capable of forming in the diesel fuel oil a fuel-soluble complex with said inorganic alkali metal salt and/or the alkali metal cation thereof. The complexing agents used are selected from crown ethers, aza-crown ethers, polycrown ethers, lariat-crown ethers, cryptands, spherands, and bridged spherands.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及克服新的沉积问题，即在含有大量无机材料的沉积物以及一些有机粘合剂材料上的沉积物的柴油发动机的喷射器部件和进气门上形成。这个问题已被追溯到燃料组合物中痕量的碱金属盐的存在，本发明通过在这种燃料中包含少量至少一种能够在柴油中形成的燃料可溶性络合剂克服了这个问题与所述无机碱金属盐和/或其碱金属阳离子一起燃油溶性络合物。所用的络合剂选自冠醚，氮杂 - 冠醚，多糖，醚系 - 冠醚，地穴，花粉和桥接的球。

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