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    • 6. 发明授权
    • ADC-based mixed-mode digital phase-locked loop
    • 基于ADC的混合模式数字锁相环
    • US08553827B2
    • 2013-10-08
    • US12582661
    • 2009-10-20
    • Gang Zhang
    • Gang Zhang
    • H03D3/24
    • H03L7/1072H03L7/093H03L7/1976
    • A Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) includes a Phase-to-Digital Converter (PDC), a programmable digital loop filter, a Digitally-Controlled Oscillator (DCO), and a loop divider. Within the PDC, phase information is converted into a stream of digital values by a charge pump and an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The stream of digital values is supplied to the digital loop filter which in turn supplies digital tuning words to the DCO. A number of types of ADCs can be used for the ADC including a continuous-time delta-sigma oversampling Digital ADC and a Successive Approximation ADC. The voltage signal on the charge pump output is a small amplitude midrange voltage signal. The small voltage amplitude of the signal leads to numerous advantages including improved charge pump linearity, reduced charge pump noise, and lower supply voltage operation of the overall PLL.
    • 锁相环(PLL)包括一个相位数转换器(PDC),一个可编程数字环路滤波器,一个数字控制振荡器(DCO)和一个环路分频器。 在PDC中,相位信息由电荷泵和模数转换器(ADC)转换成数字值流。 数字值流被提供给数字环路滤波器,数字环路滤波器又向DCO提供数字调谐字。 ADC可以使用多种类型的ADC,包括连续时间Δ-sigma过采样数字ADC和逐次逼近ADC。 电荷泵输出上的电压信号是一个小幅度的中频电压信号。 信号的小电压幅度导致许多优点,包括改善电荷泵线性度,降低电荷泵噪声,以及整个PLL的较低电源电压操作。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Low-power asynchronous counter and method
    • 低功耗异步计数器和方法
    • US07864915B2
    • 2011-01-04
    • US12247970
    • 2008-10-08
    • Gang Zhang
    • Gang Zhang
    • H03K23/50
    • H03L7/183H03K21/12H03L2207/50
    • Design techniques for a low-power asynchronous counter. In an exemplary embodiment, the clock inputs and signal outputs of a plurality of flip-flops are serially concatenated to implement an asynchronous counting mechanism. The signal outputs of the plurality of flip-flops are sampled by successively delayed versions of a reference signal. Further design techniques for generating successively delayed versions of the reference signal are disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, the asynchronous counting techniques may be utilized in a high-speed counter for a digital-phase locked loop (DPLL).
    • 低功耗异步计数器的设计技术。 在示例性实施例中,多个触发器的时钟输入和信号输出串联连接以实现异步计数机制。 多个触发器的信号输出通过参考信号的连续延迟版本进行采样。 公开了用于产生参考信号的连续延迟版本的进一步的设计技术。 在示例性实施例中,可以在用于数字锁相环(DPLL)的高速计数器中使用异步计数技术。
    • 10. 发明申请
    • Methods For Forming Multi-layer Three-Dimensional Structures
    • 形成多层三维结构的方法
    • US20090239353A1
    • 2009-09-24
    • US11548207
    • 2006-10-10
    • Gang Zhang
    • Gang Zhang
    • H01L21/30H01L21/306
    • B81C1/0019B81C2201/019
    • The embodiments of the present invention are directed to the formation of multi-layer three-dimensional structures by forming and attaching a plurality of individual layers where each of the layers comprises one or more materials forming a desired pattern. In one embodiment, a multi-layer three-dimensional structure is formed by forming a plurality of individual layers and attaching at least them together. In another embodiment, a multi-layer three-dimensional structure is formed by 1) forming one or more individual layers, 2) attaching the one or more formed layers onto a substrate, 3) if desired, forming new structures on the attached one or more layers. In still another embodiment, a multi-layer three-dimensional structure is formed by 1) attaching a layer of a material onto a substrate; 2) processing the attached layer to form a desired pattern; 3) attaching another layer of a material onto the previously formed layer; 4) processing the new attached layer to form a desired pattern, and 5) if desired, repeating the steps of 3) and 4) one or more times.
    • 本发明的实施例涉及通过形成和附接多个单独层来形成多层三维结构,其中每个层包括形成期望图案的一种或多种材料。 在一个实施例中,通过形成多个单独的层并至少将它们连接在一起而形成多层三维结构。 在另一个实施方案中,通过以下方式形成多层三维结构:1)形成一个或多个单独的层,2)将一个或多个成形层附着到基底上,3)如果需要,在附着的层上形成新的结构 多层 在又一实施例中,通过以下方式形成多层三维结构:1)将材料层附着在基板上; 2)处理附着层以形成期望的图案; 3)将另一层材料附着在预先形成的层上; 4)处理新附着层以形成期望的图案,以及5)如果需要,重复步骤3)和4)一次或多次。