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1. 发明授权

US08921803B2 Electrostatic lenses and systems including the same 有权
标题翻译：静电镜片和系统包括相同的
公开(公告)号：US08921803B2
公开(公告)日：2014-12-30
申请号：US13410646
申请日：2012-03-02
申请人： David G. Welkie
发明人： David G. Welkie
IPC分类号： H01J3/20 , H01J37/12 , H01J49/06
CPC分类号： H01J49/061 , H01J37/12 , H01J37/1472 , H01J49/06 , H01J49/063 , H01J49/22 , H01J49/26
摘要： A system includes an electrostatic lens in a path between a charged particle source and a detector. The electrostatic lens includes: a first electrode having a first aperture in the path aligned with a first axis; a second electrode in the path between the first electrode and the detector, having a second aperture in the path and aligned with a second axis that is parallel to the first axis and displaced from the first axis along a first direction; a third electrode in the path between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a potential generator coupled to the electrodes. During operation, the potential generator applies potentials to the first, second and third electrodes so that the electrostatic lens directs a beam of charged particles from the source propagating along the first axis to propagate along the second axis.
摘要翻译：系统包括在带电粒子源和检测器之间的路径中的静电透镜。静电透镜包括：第一电极，其具有与第一轴对准的路径中的第一孔; 所述第一电极和所述检测器之间的路径中的第二电极，在所述路径中具有第二孔，并且与第二轴对准，所述第二轴平行于所述第一轴线并沿着第一方向从所述第一轴线移位; 在第一电极和第二电极之间的路径中的第三电极; 以及耦合到电极的电位发生器。在操作期间，电位发生器将电位施加到第一，第二和第三电极，使得静电透镜引导来自沿着第一轴传播的源的带电粒子束沿着第二轴传播。

2. 发明申请

US20120223244A1 ELECTROSTATIC LENSES AND SYSTEMS INCLUDING THE SAME 有权
标题翻译：静电镜和系统包括它们
公开(公告)号：US20120223244A1
公开(公告)日：2012-09-06
申请号：US13410646
申请日：2012-03-02
申请人： David G. Welkie
发明人： David G. Welkie
IPC分类号： H01J3/20 , H01J3/18
CPC分类号： H01J49/061 , H01J37/12 , H01J37/1472 , H01J49/06 , H01J49/063 , H01J49/22 , H01J49/26
摘要： A system includes an electrostatic lens in a path between a charged particle source and a detector. The electrostatic lens includes: a first electrode having a first aperture in the path aligned with a first axis; a second electrode in the path between the first electrode and the detector, having a second aperture in the path and aligned with a second axis that is parallel to the first axis and displaced from the first axis along a first direction; a third electrode in the path between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a potential generator coupled to the electrodes. During operation, the potential generator applies potentials to the first, second and third electrodes so that the electrostatic lens directs a beam of charged particles from the source propagating along the first axis to propagate along the second axis.
摘要翻译：系统包括在带电粒子源和检测器之间的路径中的静电透镜。静电透镜包括：第一电极，其具有与第一轴对准的路径中的第一孔; 所述第一电极和所述检测器之间的路径中的第二电极，在所述路径中具有第二孔，并且与第二轴对准，所述第二轴平行于所述第一轴线并沿着第一方向从所述第一轴线移位; 在第一电极和第二电极之间的路径中的第三电极; 以及耦合到电极的电位发生器。在操作期间，电位发生器将电位施加到第一，第二和第三电极，使得静电透镜引导来自沿着第一轴传播的源的带电粒子束沿着第二轴传播。

3. 发明授权

US07786435B2 RF surfaces and RF ion guides 有权
标题翻译： RF表面和RF离子导向
公开(公告)号：US07786435B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-31
申请号：US12111484
申请日：2008-04-29
申请人： Craig M. Whitehouse , David G. Welkie , Lisa Cousins
发明人： Craig M. Whitehouse , David G. Welkie , Lisa Cousins
IPC分类号： H01J49/42
CPC分类号： H01J49/42 , H01J49/062
摘要： Apparatus and methods are provided for trapping, manipulation and transferring ions along RF and DC potential surfaces and through RF ion guides potential wells are formed near RF-field generating surfaces due to the overlap of the radio-frequency (RF) fields and electrostatic fields created by static potentials applied to surrounding electrodes. Ions can be constrained and accumulated over time in such wells During confinement, ions may be subjected to various processes, such as accumulation, fragmentation, collisional cooling, focusing, mass-to-charge filtering, spatial separation ion mobility and chemical interactions, leading to improved performance in subsequent processing and analysis steps, such as mass analysis. Alternatively, the motion of ions may be better manipulated during confinement to improve the efficiency of their transport to specific locations, such as an entrance aperture into vacuum from atmospheric pressure or into a subsequent vacuum stage.
摘要翻译：提供了设备和方法，用于捕获，操纵和转移沿着RF和DC电势表面的离子，并通过RF离子引导，由于射频（RF）场和产生的静电场的重叠，在RF场产生表面附近形成势阱通过施加到周围电极的静电势。离子可以在这样的井中被约束和积累随着时间的推移在限制期间，离子可以经历各种过程，例如积累，碎裂，碰撞冷却，聚焦，质量 - 电荷过滤，空间分离离子迁移和化学相互作用，导致在后续处理和分析步骤中提高性能，如质量分析。或者，可以在限制期间更好地操作离子的运动，以提高其运送到特定位置的效率，例如从大气压进入真空的入口孔或进入随后的真空级。

4. 发明授权

US07928361B1 Multiple detection systems 有权
标题翻译：多重检测系统
公开(公告)号：US07928361B1
公开(公告)日：2011-04-19
申请号：US11893671
申请日：2007-08-16
申请人： Craig M. Whitehouse , David G. Welkie
发明人： Craig M. Whitehouse , David G. Welkie
IPC分类号： H01J49/06
CPC分类号： H01J49/025 , H01J49/401
摘要： A particle detection system is configured and operated as two or more separate and completely independent detection systems. The detection systems may be of the same or different design, may be operated in the same or different modes, and may be operated with the same or different operating parameters. Each detection system may record signals simultaneously, or alternately; the measurements obtained from each of the detection systems may either be combined into a single unified data set, or recorded separately. Means are provided to direct particles to impinge on one of the detectors or any of the other detectors. Alternatively, a population of particles can be dispersed in a manner that allows a population of particles to be distributed among two or more detectors simultaneously. The implementation of completely independent detection systems, for example, in a Time-of-Flight mass spectrometer, allows the design and operation of each detection system to be optimized independently, while being employed simultaneously. The flexibility afforded by the apparatus and methods in the invention allows signals to be recorded with enhanced signal dynamic range, signal-to-noise, and/or temporal resolution, relative to other presently available detection systems.
摘要翻译：粒子检测系统被配置和操作为两个或更多个独立和完全独立的检测系统。检测系统可以具有相同或不同的设计，可以以相同或不同的模式操作，并且可以以相同或不同的操作参数来操作。每个检测系统可以同时或交替地记录信号; 从每个检测系统获得的测量结果可以被组合成单个统一数据集，或单独记录。提供装置以引导颗粒撞击其中一个检测器或任何其他检测器。或者，可以以允许颗粒群同时分布在两个或更多个检测器之间的方式分散颗粒群。完全独立的检测系统的实现，例如在飞行时间质谱仪中，允许每个检测系统的设计和操作在被同时使用的同时被独立地优化。通过本发明的装置和方法提供的灵活性相对于其他目前可用的检测系统允许以增强的信号动态范围，信噪比和/或时间分辨率来记录信号。

5. 发明申请

US20090218486A1 Multipole ion guide interface for reduced background noise in mass spectrometry 有权
标题翻译：多极离子导向接口，用于降低质谱中的背景噪音
公开(公告)号：US20090218486A1
公开(公告)日：2009-09-03
申请号：US11809349
申请日：2007-05-31
申请人： Craig M. Whitehouse , David G. Welkie
发明人： Craig M. Whitehouse , David G. Welkie
IPC分类号： H01J49/04
CPC分类号： H01J49/04 , H01J49/063
摘要： Ions that are transported from an ion source to a mass spectrometer for mass analysis are often accompanied by background particles such as photons, neutral species, and cluster or aerosol ions which originate in the ion source. Background particles are also produced by scattering and neutralization of ions during collisions with background gas molecules in higher pressure regions with line-of-sight to the mass spectrometer detector. In either case, such background particles produce noise in mass spectra. Apparatus and methods are provided in which a multipole ion guide is configured to efficiently transport ions through multiple vacuum stages, while preventing background particles, produced both in the ion source and along the ion transport pathway, from reaching the detector, thereby improving signal-to-noise in mass spectra.
摘要翻译：从离子源传输到用于质量分析的质谱仪的离子通常伴有起源于离子源的背景颗粒如光子，中性物质和簇或气溶胶离子。在与质谱仪检测器的视线的较高压力区域中与背景气体分子碰撞期间，离子的散射和中和也产生背景颗粒。在任一种情况下，这种背景颗粒在质谱中产生噪声。提供了一种设备和方法，其中多极离子导向器被配置为有效地将离子传输通过多个真空级，同时防止在离子源和离子传输途径中产生的背景颗粒到达检测器，从而改善信号到在质谱中不存在。

6. 发明授权

US08507850B2 Multipole ion guide interface for reduced background noise in mass spectrometry 有权
公开(公告)号：US08507850B2
公开(公告)日：2013-08-13
申请号：US11809349
申请日：2007-05-31
申请人： Craig M. Whitehouse , David G. Welkie
发明人： Craig M. Whitehouse , David G. Welkie
IPC分类号： H01J49/00
CPC分类号： H01J49/04 , H01J49/063
摘要： Ions that are transported from an ion source to a mass spectrometer for mass analysis are often accompanied by background particles such as photons, neutral species, and cluster or aerosol ions which originate in the ion source. Background particles are also produced by scattering and neutralization of ions during collisions with background gas molecules in higher pressure regions with line-of-sight to the mass spectrometer detector. In either case, such background particles produce noise in mass spectra. Apparatus and methods are provided in which a multipole ion guide is configured to efficiently transport ions through multiple vacuum stages, while preventing background particles, produced both in the ion source and along the ion transport pathway, from reaching the detector, thereby improving signal-to-noise in mass spectra.

7. 发明授权

US07034292B1 Mass spectrometry with segmented RF multiple ion guides in various pressure regions 有权
公开(公告)号：US07034292B1
公开(公告)日：2006-04-25
申请号：US10448495
申请日：2003-05-30
申请人： Craig M. Whitehouse , David G. Welkie , Gholamreza Javahery , Lisa Cousins
发明人： Craig M. Whitehouse , David G. Welkie , Gholamreza Javahery , Lisa Cousins
IPC分类号： H01J49/00 , B01D59/44
CPC分类号： H01J49/4225 , H01J49/004 , H01J49/063
摘要： A mass spectrometer is configured with individual multipole ion guides, configured in an assembly in alignment along a common centerline wherein at least a portion of at least one multipole ion guide mounted in the assembly resides in a vacuum region with higher background pressure, and the other portion resides in a vacuum region with lower background pressure. Said multipole ion guides are operated in mass to charge selection and ion fragmentation modes, in either a high or low pressure region, said region being selected according to the optimum pressure or pressure gradient for the function performed. The diameter, lengths and applied frequencies and phases on these contiguous ion guides may be the same or may differ. A variety of MS and MS/MSn analysis functions can be achieved using a series of contiguous multipole ion guides operating in either higher background vacuum pressures, or along pressure gradients in the region where the pressure drops from high to low pressure, or in low pressure regions. Individual sets of RF, +/−DC and resonant frequency waveform voltage supplies provide potentials to the rods of each multipole ion guide allowing the operation of ion transmission, ion trapping, mass to charge selection and ion fragmentation functions independently in each ion guide. The presence of background pressure maintained sufficiently high to cause ion to neutral gas collisions along a portion of each multiple ion guide linear assembly allows the conducting of Collisional Induced Dissociation (CID) fragmentation of ions by axially accelerating ions from one multipole ion guide into an adjacent ion guide. Alternatively ions can be fragmented in one or more multipole ion guides using resonant frequency excitation CID. A multiple multipole ion guide assembly can be configured as the primary mass analyzer in single or triple quadrupole mass analyzers with or without mass selective axial ejection. Alternatively, the multiple multipole ion guide linear assembly can be configured as part of a hybrid Time-Of-Flight, Magnetic Sector, Ion Trap or Fourier Transform mass analyzer.

8. 发明授权

US06872941B1 Charged particle trapping in near-surface potential wells 有权
标题翻译：在近地表潜势井中带电粒子捕获
公开(公告)号：US06872941B1
公开(公告)日：2005-03-29
申请号：US10719330
申请日：2003-11-20
申请人： Craig M. Whitehouse , David G. Welkie
发明人： Craig M. Whitehouse , David G. Welkie
IPC分类号： H01J49/40 , H01J49/42 , H01J49/16
CPC分类号： H01J49/40 , B82Y30/00 , H01J49/0068
摘要： A Time-Of-Flight mass spectrometer is configured with a pulsing region and electronic controls that generate a potential well for ions in the pulsing region, due to the repelling effect of a high-frequency electric field that is created in the space immediately proximate to a surface, and an additional static electric field that accelerates ions toward the surface. Ions can be constrained and accumulated over time in the potential well prior to acceleration into the Time-Of-Flight tube for mass analysis. Ions can also be directed to collide with the surface with high energy to cause Surface Induced Dissociation (SID) fragmentation, or with low energy to effect collisional cooling, hence, better spatial focusing, prior to mass analysis. The apparatus and method described in the invention result in refined control of ion fragmentation energy and improved Time-Of-Flight mass analysis performance.
摘要翻译：飞行时间质谱仪配置有脉冲区域和电子控制器，由于在紧邻的空间中产生的高频电场的排斥效应，脉冲区域中的离子产生潜在的阱一个表面和一个额外的静电场，可以将离子加速到表面。在加速进入飞行时间管以进行质量分析之前，离子可以在潜在的时间内受到约束和积累。离子也可以被引导与高能量的表面碰撞以引起表面诱导解离（SID）碎裂，或者以低能量来实现碰撞冷却，因此在质量分析之前更好地进行空间聚焦。本发明描述的装置和方法可以精确控制离子碎片能量，提高飞行时间质量分析性能。

9. 发明授权

US06080985A Ion source and accelerator for improved dynamic range and mass selection in a time of flight mass spectrometer 失效
标题翻译：离子源和加速器，用于在飞行时间质谱仪中改善动态范围和质量选择
公开(公告)号：US06080985A
公开(公告)日：2000-06-27
申请号：US940576
申请日：1997-09-30
申请人： David G. Welkie , Dar Bahatt
发明人： David G. Welkie , Dar Bahatt
IPC分类号： G01N27/62 , G01N30/72 , H01J49/40
CPC分类号： H01J49/147 , H01J49/40
摘要： In a mass spectrometer, an ion source in combination with an accelerator comprising an electron source, a gate electrode constructed so as to block the flow of electrons from the source when a potential is applied, a sample introduction means for transporting carrier gas containing analytes, an ionization chamber positioned to receive the flow of electrons and the carrier gas, wherein the flow of electrons ionizes the carrier gas, a pulsed accelerator, and an ion transfer region situated so that the ionized carrier gas travels from the ionization chamber, through the ion transfer region and into an accelerator. The gate electrode and the pulsed accelerator are controlled in a timed relationship to control the amount off carrier gas being ionized and traveling into the accelerator between accelerator pulses so as to improve the dynamic range of the mass spectrometer and to selectively accelerate a particular mass range.
摘要翻译：在质谱仪中，与包含电子源的加速器组合的离子源，构成为当施加电位时阻挡电子从源极流动的栅电极，用于输送含有分析物的载气的样品引入装置，定位成接收电子流和载气的电离室，其中电子流使载气离子化，脉冲加速器和离子转移区域，使离子化的载气从电离室通过离子转移区域并进入加速器。以定时关系控制栅电极和脉冲加速器，以控制离子化的载气量和加速器脉冲之间的加速器中的量，从而改善质谱仪的动态范围并选择性地加速特定的质量范围。

10. 发明授权

US08380775B2 Finite differences methods 有权
标题翻译：有限差分法
公开(公告)号：US08380775B2
公开(公告)日：2013-02-19
申请号：US12234954
申请日：2008-09-22
申请人： David G. Welkie
发明人： David G. Welkie
IPC分类号： G06F7/38
CPC分类号： G06F17/13 , G06F17/5018 , G06F2217/16
摘要： The application of finite differences methods to solve boundary value problems typically involves a discretization of such a problem across an orthogonal array of discrete grid points. This leads to an array of difference equations which is solved numerically within the constraints of the boundary conditions to yield solutions at the grid point locations. However, the accuracy of the solutions is limited with conventional finite differences methods when the boundary conditions are not represented exactly within the orthogonal array of discrete grid points, as when the boundary conditions are curved or slanted surfaces. The invention described herein provides finite differences methods for solving boundary value problems more accurately than with conventional finite differences methods, particularly when curved or slanted boundary surfaces correspond to terminations of a known analytical function.
摘要翻译：有限差分方法的应用解决边界值问题通常涉及离散网格点的正交阵列之间的这种问题的离散化。这导致了在边界条件的约束内数值求解的差分方程组，以在网格点位置产生解。然而，当边界条件没有精确地表示在离散网格点的正交阵列内时，解决方案的精度受到限制，如边界条件是弯曲或倾斜的表面时。本文描述的本发明提供了与传统的有限差分法相比更精确地求解边界值问题的有限差分方法，特别是当弯曲或倾斜的边界表面对应于已知分析函数的终端时。

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